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ROMANTIC AGE (1760-1837) West Europe - Coggle Diagram
ROMANTIC AGE (1760-1837)
West Europe
New ideas in the modern world
Britan first half 18th century: stability and expansion
after
Instability America rebelled
AMERICA WAR OF INDIPENDENCE
Washington first USA president.
War: ‘75-’83 Britain loses America
1776 Declaration of Independence by Jefferson: limitation power, right to life, liberty and pursue happiness
French Revolution
1789-99 new ideas (motto)
British influenced.
Support by Wordsworth, Blake and Coleridge
F. rev. spread all over Europe. Robespierre (Jacobins). Execute traitors.
In Britain thinkers feared the terror of the rev. Government help to stop
FRENCH AFTER REVOLUTION:
Napoleonic Wars for conquer Europe
Waterloo (defeat)
Napoleon took control (weak nation)
Congress of Vienna: borders redefine
Industrial Revolution (1760-1850)
invention: steam engine
factories were built→ mass production
Britain rural country→industrial one (technology progress)
improved transportation
money from colony
THE NEW INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
conditions were terrible (16 h per day, child work, wages low)
poor farmers move to city
agricolture change
factory owners
POLITICS AND ECONOMY
George III, Pitt the Younger prime minister: influenced by Adam Smith
Repressed rebellion. Ireland: “Luddite riots” → Peterloo massacre
Pitt belonged to a Tory Government
NEW KING: William IV
Reforms started:
Whigs (vote extended to middle class)
Slavery abolished (‘33)
KEY IDEAS
Impossible and passionate love stories: follow the heart, not the money
The romantic hero: artist rejected
The importance of childhood:
Adult: rationality
Child: irrationality
The importance of nature vs technology: nature help ispiration
The power of the irrational: Question, Nightmares
Humans feel lost in natural grandeur: 2 vision
Technology gives power
Nature is powerful
POETRY
3 phases
Second generation: P.B. Shelley, Lord Byron
P.B. SHELLEY
1792 Sussex
Married Mary Godwin (Mary Shelley)
Many years in Italy
Political Radical rebelled against social and religious
Poet = prophet
ODE TO WEST WIND
and autumn wind, wild (change)
final line: message of hope
if we were: leaf, cloud, water...
would be free
inspired by the wind. by the nature
effects of wind
on earth
destroyer (storm)
under the sea
in the sky
First generation: Wordsworth, Coleridge
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH
1770 Lake District
support French rev.
Nature: central themes
PREFACE TO LYRICAL BALLADS
Manifesto
Key Ideas:
Recollection in tranquility: creation of poetry
Must express emotions
Memory and solitude central role
Poetry must deal with word, nature
Poet greater sensibility: Inward eye allow emotional introspection
Daffodiels
third
poet
daffodils compared to dance
second
continuous (stars)
personification
toss
stretch
first
surprise when he saw
lonely (cloud)
personification
3 more items...
fourth
recollection in tranquillity
thanks to inward eye
allows emotions
SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE
1772 Devon
Pantisocracy
Never happend
Utopian community: similar to communism
'97 Cole and Words became friends
Works
Lyrical Ballads
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
medieval ballad
STORY
2 more items...
Kubla Khan
Dream after taking opium
Biographia Literaria
Importance of imagination and fancy
Pre Romantic: Blake
WILLIAM BLAKE
The tyger
simple style but complex theme
adulthood
Corrupt
fearful symmetry
disillusionment of French rev.
The lamb
symbolism (child and Jesus)
the importance of childhood
characteristics (white, soft...)
1757, London
Engraver (paint) and Illustrator
NOVEL
British society changes
Fiction (novels) became popular.
Walter Scott: The pioneer. Interest in rev. and transformations.
2 mainly
Mary Shelley
1797
In Italy with P.B. Shelley
1818
FRANKESTEIN
Written for a challenge among Mary, husband and Byron
Dark side of science
Myth of Prometheus: men equal the power of gods. Punished for his act
epistolary novel. the mystery of creation
Frankenstein first behaves like a noble savage.
Society reject him→ became evil (society responsability)
Jane Austen
1775 Hampshire
Consequences of inheritance rules: Women, property, brother, anonymously.
Didn't like Romantic poetry or gothic novels
Works
Pride and Prejudice
Emma
Sense and Sensibility