Fascism Rises In Europe
Fascism’s Rise In Italy
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Fascism was a new, militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader.
Fascists believed that nations must struggle—peaceful states were doomed to be conquered.
In each nation, fascists wore uniforms of a certain color, used special salutes, and held mass rallies.
Fascists did not seek a classless society. Rather, they believed that each class had its place and function.
In most cases, fascist parties were made up of aristocrats and industrialists, war veterans, and the lower middle class.
Rising inflation and unemployment also contributed to widespread social unrest.
Government censors forced radio stations and publications to broadcast or publish only Fascist doctrines.
In some ways, fascism was similar to communism. Both systems were ruled by dictators who allowed only their own political party (one-party rule).
Both denied individual rights. In both, the state was supreme. Neither practiced any kind of democracy.
Does Fascism or Communism seem to be more concerned with the welfare of the people?
Fascism’s rise in Italy was fueled by bitter disappointment over the failure to win large territorial gains at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference.
To growing numbers of Italians, their democratic government seemed helpless to deal with the country’s problems. They wanted a leader who would take action.
A newspaper editor and politician named Benito Mussolini boldly promised to rescue Italy by reviving its economy and rebuilding its armed forces.
He vowed to give Italy strong leadership. Mussolini had founded the Fascist Party in 1919.
As economic conditions worsened, his popularity rapidly increased. Finally, Mussolini publicly criticized Italy’s government.
Why did Mousolini’s popularity increase as Italy’s economy declined?
Hitler Becomes Chancellor
Why might Germans have put their faith in Hitler?
Fascism=considers deferences in class communism=equal class.
What does Kristallnacht demonstrate about the power of the Nazis?
Weimar republic
By 1932 the Nazis became the largest political party
This was Germany's new democratic government
Once in office Hitler called for new election
It was not a very strong government because it was not Germany's traditional form of government.
He offered leadership and change
Conservative leaders thought that they could use Hitler for their own purposes, so they legally made him Chancellor.
A lot of people blamed the Weimar Republic for the result of the war instead of the leaders during the war.
Six days before the election the building where parliament met was burned down
Inflation causes crisis in Germany
The Germans didn't raise taxes to pay for the war, they just printed more money.
Fascism
a political system headed by a dictator in which the government controls business and labor and opposition is not permitted.
Once the war was over they had so much debt they had to pay off so they just printed more money, but this made the "mark" pretty much worthless. Making bread cost in the billions of Marks
Hitler used his new power to turn Germany into a totalitarian state
he created a elite enforcement unit called the SS or Schutzstaffel
They were loyal exclusively to Hitler, and murdered hundreds of his enemies
Attempt at Economic Stability
Charles Dawes plane
The Nazi secret police named Gestapo enforced brutal laws and the terror they created forced Germans into obediences
This provided $200 dollars from American Banks to Germany to help slow inflation and get their economy back on track.
Nazis took control of the economy, transportation, technology
Nationalism
Efforts at a lasting Peace
identification with one's own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.
France and Germany's ministers got together and made a treaty claiming to never go to war again.
It then got passed to the league of nations were then Frank Kellogg (USA Secretary of state) Got almost every country in the world to sign this.
Militarism
the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests.
They banned strikes and gave the government authority over business and labor
This didn't work though because there was no way to enforce this rule.
Conflict
a serious disagreement or argument, typically a protracted one.
The number of unemployed people dropped unemployed dropped from 6 million to 1.5 million
They believed that they could use Hitler's influence to benefit them politically and economically
Hitler wanted power over every aspect of German life
He turned the Radio and the press into a form of propaganda
Ge banned all books, papers, paintings, and films that did not conform to Nazis beliefs
Hitler turns Jewish people into Nazi scapegoats
This creates a wave of Anti-Semitism that spreads across Germany
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Nazi's attacked Jews and bombed their homes this showed that the Germans were willing to exterminate other life in order to prevail, and that there was no line they wouldn't cross
Fascism
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Conflict