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HEARING, TYMPANIC MEMBRANE, Sterocillia bend to kinocilium (tallest hair…

- - - - ORGAN OF CORTI
        
        SCALA MEDIA
        
        INNER HAIR CELLS
        
        TRANSDUCE SOUND
        
        PROCESS
        
        SCALA VESTIBULI
        
        SCALA TYMPANI
      - CODING
        
        FREQUENCY CODING- brain deducing frequency
        
        PLACE CODING
        
        Speciifc hair cells in cochlea- respond to specific frequencies
        
        Excites specific audiroty nerves in audiotry pathway
        
        Tonotopic representation- between auditory cortex and basal membrane, different parts of basiliar membrane respond to different frequencies of sound
        
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        Poor for low requencies, cna be used for above 1000Hz frequencies
        
        TEMPORAL CODING
        
        Hair cells oscillate at same frequency as incoming sound wave, so neurotransmitter released at same frequency
        
        Mean auditory nerve AP are at same frequency. So phase lcoking- freuqnecy of the firing of the neuron is= frequency of the sound
        
        Based on rate of the firing of neruosn
        
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        INTENSITY CODING
        
        Louder sound= more amplitude= more movement in cochlea= more bending of stereocilia
        
        Bigger influx of potassium
        
        Leasd to bigger influx of calcium
        
        More glutamate release= increased binding = Causes EPSP
        
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        Number of neurons firing
        
        Higher intensity = more movement in cochlea , hair cell depoarised
        
        neighbouring hair cells depolarsied too
        
        neighbouring cells release some glutamate , activates their auditory nerve cell
        
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        LOCATION CODING- Superior olivary complex
        
        VERTICAL CODING
        
        Difficult for humans to do, cannot move our pinna, difficuly to bet information from above or below us
        
        HORIZONTAL CODING
        
        Sound in front or behind us
        
        Interaural intensity differences- sounds from one side at greater intensity in ear closest to source
        
        Interaural time delays- Sounds reaching closest ear to the source quicker so signal gets to superior olivary complex quicker
- - - - COCHLEAR NUCLEAR COMPLEX FOUND IN BRAIN STEM (MEDULLA)
        
        CROSSES MIDLINE
        
        SUPPERIOR OLIVARY COMPLEX ON BOTH SIDES OF BRAIN GETS INPUT FROM BOTH EARS ( SO INPUT GOES TO BOTH HEMISPHERES)
        
        INFERIOR COLLICULUS (MIDBRAIN)
        
        MEDIAL GENICULATE NUCLEUS (THALAMUS- FOREBRAIN)
        
        PRIMARY AUDIOTRY CORTEX (FOREBRAIN)
        
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