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Ch. 11 - Reproductive Behavior - Coggle Diagram
Ch. 11 - Reproductive Behavior
Male
Reproductive behavior is an obligatory component of the reproductive process consisting of 3 distinct stages:
Postcopulatory Stage
Precopulatory Stage
Copulatory Stage
Copulatory behavior includes:
Ejaculation
Ejaculation is a reflex that is initiated by stimulation of the glans penis and concludes with expulsion of semen
Ejaculation is a simple neural reflex caused by:
Sensory stimulation of the glans penis (temperature and pressure)
Forceful contraction of urethralis, bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus muscles
Intromission
Ends with expulsion of semen
Intromission
Mounting
Reproductive behavior can occur at potentially any time
Sexual arrousal involves a cascade of endocrine and neural events that result in erection of the penis, mounting of the sexually receptive female, intromission, and ejaculation
Sexual preparation may include:
Restraint
Prevents the male from mounting even though he wishes to do so
False mounting plus restraint
False mounting
Consists of manually deviation the penis during a mount so that intromission cannot occur
Major steps in sexual preparation resulting in transport of spermatozoa from the tail of the epididymis into the pelvic urethra
Release of oxytocin from posterior pituitary
Contractions of smooth muscle in distal tail of epididymis and ductus deferens
Stimulation of the nerves in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei
Sensory stimuation (optic, olfactory, tactile, and auditory)
Erection of the penis involves specific neural and biochemical events that culminate in penile vasodilation
Erection of penis requires:
Restricted venous outflow
Elevated intrapenile pressure
Dilation of corpus sinusoids
Relaxation of the retractor penis muscle
Elevated arterial blood flow
Female
Sexual receptivity occurs only during estrus and is characterized by distinct behavior and mating posture
Serves the following functions:
Proceptivity:
the behaviors exhibited by females towards males that stimulate the male to copulate or that reinitiate sexual behavior after copulation
Receptivity:
copulatory behavior of females that ensures insemination
Attractivity:
behaviors and other signals that serve to attract males
Reproductive behavior is initiated by:
Vision
Audition
Olfaction
Tactility
Reproductive behavior can be enhanced by:
Introducing novel stimulus animals
Changing stimulus settings
Artificial insemination
Three approaches used to re-induce sexual stimulation in bulls used for artificial insemination
Change the stimulus setting
Or both
Introduce a novel stimulus animal
Two fundamental ways to collect semen from the male
Artificial Vagina:
a devicce that stimulates vaginal conditions of a female in estrus
The design of the artificial vagina should accomplish the following:
Provide an environment that prevents damage to the penis
Provide a suitable environment for stimulation of the glans penis
Electroejaculation:
electrical stimulation of the accessory sex glands and the pelvic urethra