Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
What factors influence vulnerability to natural hazards? Set U3 - Coggle…
What factors influence vulnerability to natural hazards? Set U3
Population Density
If population density is highere - this means higher building density. Therefore, more people at risk in the same area and greater risk of building collapse.
Relief
Gradient - Steeper slopes increase the risk of landslides
Ground Shape
A bowl shaped depression in the grond amplifies the ground shaking during an earthquake. Seismic waves vibrate off the valley walls. E.g. Nepal EQ 2015
Rock Type
Permeability
If the rock underneath the soil is impermeable, this increases the risk of liquefaction as moisture remains in the soil rather than percolating.
Reistance
If the rock is soft, this increases the ground shaking in an EQ during a process called amplification
Greatest Risk in an EQ - Soft, impermeable rock.
Location
Proximity to plate boundaries - this is the greatest risk from EQ and volcanoes.
Coastal Areas - At high risk from Tsunamis and the poorest people are often found here.
Remote Areas - e.g. away from transport links may face more diffculty in evacuation from a volcano event.
Landlocked Countries - Tend to be poorer, delays in providing aid after an event.
Economic Development
Quality of Infrastructure
Poor countries, buildings are often constructed poorly and likely to collapse easily
Sanitation systems are often badly constructed and easily damaged during hazard events. Leads to spread of disease
Healthcare - Often poor quality and lacking investment. Means spread of disease is more likely and that people are more likely to die from injury
Monitoring - In poor countries there is a lack of volcano monitoring which means predication/evacuation is not possible.
Lack of faith in scientists to give accurate warnings - evacuation fatigue?
Greater resources to respond to event e.g. with food, water, shelter and this minimises the secondary impacts
Education - Lack of investment/provision means people may be un-informed about hazard risk.
Frequecy
Low Frequency - 1 in 250 years.
Government not likely to prepare for hazard, no living memory in population. Likely to be quite vulnerable if hazard occurs.
High Frequecny - 1 in every 10 years
Need to keep re-covering from hazard events. Means very vulnerable.
Medium Frequency
1 in every 100 years. Likely to be some management and living memory. Therefore, less vulnerbale.