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People of New France, Habitants was French for "inhabitants".…
People of New France
Sovereign Council
Governor
A Governor represented the King, as well as controlled the military and oversaw the protection of the colony.
A Governor was also in charge of relationships with people outside of New France, such as the First Nations.
Intendant
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An intendant was also meant to keep an eyes out for ways the could exploit the colony to benefit France.
It was an intendants job to try and keep New France from being to dependant on France for basic resources.
Bishop
The Catholic church as well as the Bishop provided religious and moral guidance to the people of New France. They built hospitals and orphanages.
Catholic people consulted the clergy before making important decisions. And there reputation depended lots on there church.
The Bishop was the one in the Sovereign council who represented the Catholic Church. They played an active role in the government of New France.
The Fur Traders
Voyageurs
The Voyageurs paddle good and furs up rivers such as the St.Lawrence and Ottawa rivers to forts to trade. They would often drop off the goods to forts, and pick up other goods that other First Nations groups would of traded over the winter.
Habitants sometimes became Voyageurs after discovering the farming really wasn't as good as a source of income as they would of thought. They where hired paddle trade along rivers and bodies of water to places to trade.
Courer de Bois
In the beginning working for ones self in the fur trade industry was perfectly legal, but later the government of New France changed their minds and made independent fur trade illegal. But that did not stop many who where Courer de Bois, they often just ignored the rule entirely and continued traiding even sometimes to the British Colonies.
Courer de Bois often worked for themselves, taking matters into their own hands to find people and furs to trade with. Courer de Bois meant "Runner of the woods", wich is often what they did; run into the woods.
Many Habitants who found farming to be an insufficient source of income chose to become Fur Traders like the Courer de Bois.
Merchants
Merchants also got furs from the Courer de Bois who also tried furs for extra income. Merchants would ship the furs to New France to be sold for hope full profit.
Many Merchant business started and grew in Quebec, Montreal, and Trois-Rivieres. If you where to happen to walk threw one of these settlements you would most likely see blacksmiths, shoemakers, masons, bakers, and probably butchers.
Many merchants actually a pretty good living off of the fur trade, they would get good from New France and trade them with groups such as the Innu, Ouendat, and the Anishiabe.
Soldiers
The King wanted soldiers to settle in New France, so they where offered land as well as the position of being Seigneurs.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic church wished to turn First Nations groups such as the Mi'kmap, the Kichesiprini, and Haudenosaunee, and the Ouendat to the Catholic Faith. They also document there languages.
The Catholic Church founded many schools, hospitals, and orphanages. As well as played a large roll in the government of New France. The clergy where a group of educated individuals who could read and write. They where often consulted before people made big decisions, decisions such as politics and economy.
The Catholic Church was very important in the identity of New France. People cared deeply about what religion you belonged to, which would dictate how you where treated. Laws where created so people of a certain faith couldn't participate in certain things.
"Farmers"
Seigneurs
Seigneurs sometimes took Habitants to court, complaining that they won't follow through on their obligations.
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To keep land the Seigneurs had to hire Habitants to farm the land. Houses, churches, and windmills where often constructed on the land.
Habitants
Habitants was French for "inhabitants". They where also refered to as paysans which meant "peasants" and peasants typical never owned any land, and the Seigneurs pretty much owned them.
Some people neglected their farms because they found fur trade was an easier way to make a living, rather than farming. Some gave up farming just because the fur trade was more efficient.
Often lived on Seigneuries, which where large plots of land owned by Seigneurs who received the land from the King of France.
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