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Reproduction in flowering plants - Coggle Diagram
Reproduction in flowering plants
Types of reproduction
Sexual reproduction
involves fertilization of gametes
gametes are produced by meiotic cell division
independent assortment of chromosomes
crossing over
gametes with different genetic makeup are produced
random fertilization of gametes
offspring with different genetic makeup are produced
Asexual reproduction
does not involve fertilization of gametes
Examples
Binary fission in bacteria, amoeba
parent cell divides by mitotic cell division to form two genetically identical daughter cells
Vegetative propagation in flowering plants
Vegetative parts of the plant (stems, leaves, root) of the plant develops into new plant
types of storage organ
stem tuber
rhizome
bulb
corm
Natural/ Artificial
pollen grains carries male gametes
ovule carries female gametes
structure of a flower
stamen
anther
filament
carpel
stigma
style
ovary wall
fruit wall
ovule
seeds
ovary --> fruit
ovule
ovary wall
receptacle
sepal
nectary
petal
features of insect-pollinated flowers
to attract insects?
nectary secretes nectar to attract insects
large brightly coloured and scented petals
to make pollen grains easily stick to insects body?
anthers are located inside the flowers & firmly attached to the filaments
rough, spiky and sticky pollen grains
make pollen grains easily land on stigma?
broad and sticky stigma
pick up pollen grains from insects
features of wind-pollinated flower
easily transfer pollen grains away by wind
pollen grains: small, light, smooth and dry
anthers are hang outside the flowers
release pollen grains to the air
filaments are thin and flexible
allow movement of the anther in the wind to help release pollen grains
make stigmas receive pollen grains more easily
long and feathery stigmas hanging outside the flower
increase surface area to catch the pollen grains in the air easily
self pollination and cross pollination
allows the offspring to have more genetic variations
cross pollination is more advantageous than self pollination
prevents extinction of the entire species when the environmental conditions become unfavourable
prevent self pollination?
removing anther of the plant
ensure cross pollination
brushing the pollen grains from another plant of the same species onto the stigma of the plant
prevent unwanted pollination
plastic bag
seed dispersal
does not change any genetic material of the offspring --> does not change the genetic variations in the offspring
