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8.1 Humanism and Knowledge - Coggle Diagram
8.1 Humanism and Knowledge
Humanism
Definition
Was a cultural movement that began in the 14th century
It was fully developed in the 15th-16th centuries
In the northern part of the Italian Peninsula
The northern part of the Italian Peninsula in the mid-15th century
Humanists developed the anthropcentric world view
Main characteristics of humanism
The revival of antiquity
The love of knowledge
Anthropocentrism
They were supported by patrons
They created academies to teach their ideas and develop new ones
Medici family
Important humanists out from Florence
Sir Thomas More
He defended the right of the individual conscience against the power of the state
Cardina Cisneros
He set up the University of Alcalá de Henares as a centre of theology, a study revived by the humanists.
Erasmus of Rotterdam
He criticised the vices of society, especially the ones from the heart of the Church
The Spread of Knowledge
Definition
Humanist ideas and knowledge spread more rapidly in the Modern Age than in the Middle Ages
when knowledge was spread through books written by hand
Only the clergymen could read them in the monasteries
The printing press
Johannes Gutenberg invented the movable-type prignting press
It improved literacy, and intellectual life was no longer restricted to monasteries
Scientific knowledge
What changed in scientific kowledge
Became interested in understanding the world
Revived the method of Ancient Greek and Roman people
That was based in observation and experimantation
The aim was to find a well-reasoned explanation
And provide empirical evidence
That was gained through observation, experience and experimentation
Religious leaders and even some politicians were opposed to those advances
The greatest changes in scientific disciplines
Astronomy
In the 16th century
Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus developed the heliocentric theory
This theory cotradicted the geocentric theory
In the 17th century
Galileo Galilei proved Coprenicus' theory using the telescope
Medicine
Although there was widespread opposition to clinical trials
These advances were made
The theory of pulmonary circulation of blood by Miguel Servet
The treaty of anatomy by Vesalius
The development of pharmacology by Paracelsus
In the 17th century
The microscope was invented, leading to advances in clinical and medical research
Geography
During this period, it was established that the Earth was spherical
Modern cartography began
Maps were created based on the world map drawn by Gerardus Mercator, in 1569
Straight lines called parallels and meridians were used to locate any point in the world
