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EDUP3103 Developmental Psychology for Children and Adolescents - Coggle…
EDUP3103 Developmental Psychology for Children and Adolescents
TOPIC 7 GENDER DEVELOPMENT
Definition
The term "gender" refers to a person's anatomical sex.
Gender identity refers to a person's personal sense of being male or female.
A gender role is how one's gender identity is expressed publicly in accordance with cultural and social norms.
Gender Identity
Gender Identity develop in stages
Around age two: Children become conscious of the
physical differences between boys and girls.
Before their third birthday: Most children can easily
label themselves as either a boy or a girl.
By age four: Most children have a stable sense of their
gender identity.
How do children typically express their
gender identity?
Social behavior
Manner and style of behavior and physical gestures
Preferred name or nickname
Social relationships, including the gender of friends, and the people they decide to imitate.
Clothing or hairstyle
Gender Roles
how we’re expected to act, speak, dress, groom, and conduct ourselves based upon our assigned sex.
example
girls and women are generally expected to dress in typically feminine ways and be polite, accommodating, and nurturing.
Men are generally expected to be strong, aggressive, and bold.
INFLUENCE
SOCIAL
COGNITIVE
BIOLOGICAL
FACTORS
PEER GROUPS
MASS MEDIA
In television and movies, women tend to have less significant roles than men. They are often portrayed as wives or mothers, rather than as main characters.
Television commercials and other forms of advertising reinforce inequality and gender-based stereotypes
EDUCATION
Teachers and peers directly influence gender differentiation by providing boys and girls with different learning opportunities and feedback.
FAMILY
Parents’ beliefs about gender - gender roles, career, toys etc
It is important to allow children to make choices regarding friend groups, sports, and other activities they get involved in.
GENDER STEREOTYPES
INFLUENCED BY
Traditional masculinity and femininity roles
Traits associated with males – instrumental (independent, aggressive, power-oriented)
Traits associated with females – expressive (warm and sensitive);
Culture
General impressions and beliefs about females and males
TOPIC 10; SPECIAL EDUCATION
Special education refers to any programme for disabled or gifted children instead of, or in addition to, the regular classroom program. It is designed to meet the special needs of disabled children.
TYPES OF SPECIAL EDUCATION
Speech disorders
Articulation disorder
Voice disorders
Fluency disorders
Physical disabilities
Visual impairment
Hearing impairment
Paralysis
Learning disabilities
dyslexia - reading disability
Dyscalculia - mathematic disability
dysorder of written expression
Social and emotional disorders
autism
childhood anxiety
adhd
Overall intellectual functioning
MENTAL RETARDATION
Limitations in intellectual and adaptive functioning that began before the age of eighteen
Adaptive functioning—skills such as self-care skills (skills needed to function in everyday life world)
4 levels of mental retardation
due to unstimulating environment
MILD
MODERATE
genetic factors
SEVERE
PROFOUND