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HYPERTENSION - Coggle Diagram
HYPERTENSION
Diagnostic Studies
History and physical examination, including an opthalmic examination
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Serum Lipid Profile (HDL, LDL, triglycerides, total lipids)
Serum Uric acid, magnesium, and calcium
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Complications
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Nephrosclerosis
Hypertension is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Some degree of renal disease is usually present even with mild hypertension
Renal disease results from ischemia caused by the narrowing of the renal blood vessels. This leads to atrophy of the tubules, destruction of the glomeruli, and eventual death of nephrons
Retinal Damage
The appearance of retina gives essential information about the severity and duration of hypertension. We can directly see the blood vessels of the retina with an ophthalmoscope. Damage to the retinal vessels indicates related vessel damage in the heart, brain, and kidneys. Manifestations of severe retinal damage include blurring of vision, retinal hemorrhage, and vision loss
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Etiology
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Secondary Hypertension
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Suddenly develop high BP, especially if severe
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Clinical Manifestations
Called a “silent killer” because it is often asymptomatic until it becomes severe and target organ disease
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