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SOCIETY IN TRANSITION 1918-79 - Coggle Diagram
SOCIETY IN TRANSITION 1918-79
IMPACT OF WW1
Just the experience of war unified people and there was a sympathy between classes and ranks
the death poll between the upper and lower classes was very noticeable. With not many upper class men entering war, it meant their death poll was higher.
it also meant there was an abundance of propert back at home, with no one to inheriit it
they had to then the families pay a death duty and this meant selling their grand houses just to pay for it
1914 alone - 6 peers, 16 baronets, 2 knights, 261 sons of aroicats
1918 - representation of the people's act
more housing - the 1924&1930 housing acts clearing 750,000 slum houses and built 3.2 million by 1938
Property ownership also made people feel of a higher status
THE IMPACT OF WW2
Everyone was sharing privatisation
people wanted a close nit society where class divisions were not so prevalent
LIBERAL SOCIETY 1951-79
THE SATIRE BOOM
ridiculed establishments - especially members of the government, the army and the upper class
This was amplified by the BBC show '
that was the week that was
which conboned satrical hunour with interviews with leading politicians
there was a clear change in authorities and power - seeing power men being interviewed by questionable journalists
'BRITISH NEW WAVE'
questioned traditional values
late 1950's late 1960's saw a profusion of novels about working-class men and women coming to terms with the end of the olf working-class world and post war prosperity was around the corner
SEX SCANDLES
Rumours began of sex parties held at Cliveden , a staely home owned by wealthy Astor family.
People like minister of war John Profumo was sharng a 19year old sexual plartner Christine Keelper with a soviet attache.
this scandel went all over, from the mirror to the Daily Mail
attitudes towards sex
1949 - less than 1/10 of the population had recived any sex education
1 in 3 boys and 1 in 6 girls between 16-19 had had sex - (1965)
but all of them were in relationships and not just a fling
advertisement also appeared to be sex appeal to sell their items
WOLFDEN REPORT (1957)
said there had been a decline in morality since the war
and family life has been weakened
Beleived the law against protituon should be tightended
but homosexualitt between 2 consenting adults over 21 in private should be decriminalized
THE SEXUAL OFFENCES ACT 1967
basically decriminalsing homosexuality
also around the same time was the 1967 ABORTION ACT - allowing abortions uo to 28 weeks
still 85% disapproved of homosexuality
1/2 beleived it should be punished more serverly
MARY WHITEHOUSE
1964 --> a school teacher with devout christian valies, launched a campagin geoup called
clean up tv
she believed that tv was the most corrupting meduim in modern life and introducing un-chritian ideas to British Youth
she also refered to not condeming scecnes of a sexual nature on tv, but also images of drinking, critism of the royal family, and refercnes to crime or lawnessless
she then founded the NVALA - which attracted campaigners from the general public, chief police officers, senior church members.
it was opposed to sex, violence, and swearing on tv.
they wanted a permissive society and not the socialism which was creeping into Britain
-believed Christianity was a threat under British society, consumerism and tv
-by the 1960's she claimed to have over 100,000 members
there were some successes - it banned child pornography with the
protection of children act 1978
and indecent advertisement
indecent displays act of 1981
the festival of light - 1971
Malcolm Muggeridge and Mary Whitehouse, Cliff Richard, etc... founded the festival of light -->
to prevent the sexualisation of tv
promote christian teachings
it attracted over 100,000 people to take part
WOMEN
throught the represenation of the peoples act in 1918 women gained the right to vote at the age of 30
Margaret Bondfield was the first woman to hold ministeral office during Labour 1924.
women never compromised more than 5% of Mps with it peaking with 15% in 1931
on a local level women were more influencial, with 15% of elected local councillors were female
the limitations also came into the face of working. When men returned back from war in 1945, most of the jobs went back to men.
many women worked as domestic servants 1.25 million in 1918
those who worked in heavy industries such as textile miles or those in depressed areas up North were the first to lose their jobs
-women were not educted enough to have high paying jobs
at secondary school level, expectations of girls remained low and curricula specially for girls focused very much on domestic subjects
however
the sex disqualification removal act 1919
meant the gender bar did not matter in the civil service and law
1931 180,000 nurses
21 female architects
2 civil engirneers
FAMILY LIFE 1918-79
divorce
Matrimonial Cause Act 1937
this act allowed divorce if either partner had been unfaithful. before this reform, the avaerge number of divorce petitions was below 4,000 no had risen to 38,000
Divorce Reform Act 1969
this made divorce easier for couples living apart and introduced the idea of 'no-guilt divorce', whereas before evidence was crucial, desertion or adultry had to be shown
Birth control
Dr Marie Stopes founded the first birth control in a clinic in london (1921)
first time women felt in control of their bodies and family planning
abortion act 1967
it made a change to the backstreet abortions and it made it illegal and much safer
the only thing was 2 doctors needed to sign off on it and them being male in a mogninsitic society this wasnt always the easiest
IMMIGRATION AND ETHNIC MINORITIES
'Alien Workers'
1919 following the demobilization of much of the british army there was an exploision of racist violence throughout Britain. Angry mobs of unemployed britions attacked black,and Asian people or anyone they considered forgeien, and therefore not entitled to jobs in Britain
east end of london - black people were attacked with 4 days of white rioting
cariff white violene to 3 deaths and over £3,000 of property damage
National unions also fought for the 'right' of white workers, because the 'coloured' people are taking them. like the National union of seamen demanded jobs for 'non-white' sailor jobs to given to white sailors
The Alien Orders Act 1920
required migrant workers or 'aliens' to register with the people to register with the police before seeking work --> who failed to comply would be punished with deportation
the police only really applied the law to black and asian people - even though they may of been part of the british empire
discrimination
£5 Asian chef £20 white chef
League of coloure people reported that 80% of black and asian men had been unployed for a prolonged period of time compared to the 30% of white men - 1930's
the communist party of Great Britian
it contained alot of ethnic minorites from all over - te carribean, india, ireland, and jewish people.
they were very prominant in the capaigns involing the defnce of rights of arab seamen. in 1930 arab and somali seamen where being forced out of their jobs
the BUF was the opposite
they attempted to incite anti-Semitism in London's east end, leading to fire bombing and 'jew bashing'
the local jewish people's council organsed a demonstration over 10,00 to stop BUF marches.
this led to the battle of cablestreet --> a series of fights between BUF and anti-fascits campaigners, which forced BUF to abanndon their marches
[WAR]
6,000-10,000 carribbean men joined the RAF
Around 500,000 Black Afriecan men served in the british forces
by 1945 the Indian Army numbered 2 million men - largest multi-ethnic voltuneer army the world had ever seen
Ongoing racisim
some caribbean workers refused to work in factories due to cultural differences with white workers
promtitions for black and asain soilders were rare
ther was considerbale socisl pressure agasint black men marrying white women
New oppiuntiues
education and traning was offered to all ex-servicemnr after the ar for Black and Asian men
and recent immigrants made full use of this