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bowlby's theory, AO3- EVALUATION - Coggle Diagram
bowlby's theory
monotrophy
- his theory is described as monotrophic as he placed great emphasis on a child's attachment to 1 particular caregiver
- he believed that the childs attachment to the 1 caregiver, is different and more important than others.
- bowlby called the 1 person= "mother"
- he believed that the more time a baby spent with primary caregiver, the better
- the law of continuity- the more constant and predictable a child's care, the better the quality of their attachment
- the law of accumulated separation - the effects of every separation from the mother adds up and the safest dose is therefore a zero dose.
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internal working model
- he proposed that a child forms a mental representation of their relationship with their primary attachment figure
-->called an internal working model= it serves as a model for what relationships are like
- child whose 1st experience is of a loving relationship with a reliable caregiver will tend to form an expectation that all relationships are as loving and reliable = bring those qualities into future relationships
- child whose 1st relationship involves poor treatment= tend to form poor relationships in which they expect such treatment from others & treat others in that way
- the internal working model affects child's later ability to be a parent themself
- ppl base oarenting behaviour on their own experiences of being parented
- children from functional families tend to have similar fmilies themselves
A secure base
attachment is important for protection
- acts as a secure base from which a child can explore the world
- attachment fosters independence rather than dependence
- bowlby rejected learning theory as an explanation of attachment
- bowlby looked at the work of harlow and lorenz or ideas and proposed an evolutionary explanation
- attachment was an innate system that gives a survival advantage
- an adaptive behaviour is a behaviour which contributes directly/indirectly to an individuals survival or reproductive success
AO3- EVALUATION
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counterpoint
1- however, there are probably other important influences on social development
- e.g. some psychologists believe that genetic differences in anxiety & sociability affect social behaviours in both babies and adults
- differences can also impact on their parenting ability
2- this means bowlby may have overstated the importance of the internal working model in social behaviour and parenting at the expense of other factors
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feminist concerns
the laws of continuity and acumulated separation suggest that mothers who work may negatively affect their childs emotional development.
- Burman points out that this sets up mothers to take the blame for anything that goes wrong for the child in the future.
- also gives ppl an excuse to restrict mothers' activities e.g. returning to work