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Spermatogenesis, Artificial Insemination - Coggle Diagram
Spermatogenesis
pulsatile GnRH secretion
short pulses of LH secretion
Leydig cells
progesterone
testosterone
inhibits
GnRH
lower, longer pulses of FSH secretion
Sertoli cells
estrogen (from testosterone)
DHT
inhibin
inhibits
FSH
proliferation
: Type A 'gonia undergo mitosis & produce Type B 'gonia
Meiotic phase, first division
: primary 'cytes produce secondary 'cytes
Meiotic phase, second division
: secondary 'cytes produce spermatids
differentiation
(aka spermiogenesis)
Golgi phase
: acrosome vesicle formation, primitive flagellum
cap phase:
acrosome & flagellum grow
acrosomal phase:
nuclear & cytoplasmic elongation; acrosome covers 2/3 of nucleus
maturation phase:
fully formed spermatozoa
head = nucleus + acrosome + post-nuclear cap
tail = capitulum + middle piece + principal piece + terminal piece
spermiation: release of spermatozoa into lumen of ST
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Artificial Insemination
allows for intense & rapid genetic selection
wide variety of more affordable animal products to consumer
prevents inbreeding/genetic similarities
X & Y selection allows for optimized production (i.e. selection for females in dairy cows)
collection of semen
preservation & extension of sperm
insemination of female
preserved in vitro
extensor requirements
isotonic
good pH buffer
minimize cold damage
provide appropriate nutrients
prevent microbial growth
maintain viability
relatively low cost
ejaculate volume
spermatozoa concentration
diluted & given to multiple females
percentage of motile sperm
good
60% or more
bad
less than 50%
thrown out