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Chapter 14 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Data entry. Coded data can be entered into a spreadsheet, database, text file, or
        directly into a statistical program like SPSS.
        
        A codebook is a comprehensive document
        containing detailed description of each variable in a research study tems or measures for that
        variable, the format of each item he response scale for each item
        
        Missing values. Missing data is an inevitable part of any empirical data set.
        
        Data transformation. Sometimes, it is necessary to transform data values before they
        can be meaningfully interpreted.
- - - - Lastly, the mode is the most frequently occurring value in a distribution of values.
        
        Note that any value that is estimated from a sample, such as mean, median,
        mode, or any of the later estimates are called a statistic.
        
        Dispersion refers to the way values are spread around the central tendency, for
        example, how tightly or how widely are the values clustered around the mean.
        
        The range is the difference
        between the highest and lowest values in a distribution.
- - - - If the correlations involve variables measured using interval scales, then
        this specific type of correlations are called Pearson product moment correlations.
        
        A cross-tab is a table
        that describes the frequency (or percentage) of all combinations of two or more nominal or
        categorical variables.