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Civics & Citizenship - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Pros
        
        Makes sure everyone has a say
        
        Increases voter turnout
        
        The outcome represents everyone
      - Cons
        
        People only voting because they have to
        
        People might just vote randomly because they don't care
        
        Ill-informed people voting affecting who should actually be elected
    - - A formal indication of a choice between two or more candidates expressed through a ballot.
- - - - The executive parliament decides a policy then drafts and introduces bills to parliament
      - Bills are considered by parliament. In order for a bill to be passed, the house of representatives and the senate must approve it.
      - If the bill is passed by the parliament, the bills are approved by the governor-general
      - Bills become acts of parliament and therefore laws, which are administered by government departments
- - - - Set of laws regulates people’s behaviour with other individuals.
      - Aspects
        
        Private matters
        
        Private parties file suit
        
        Preponderance of evidance
        
        Must hire attorney
        
        Defendant may be forced to testify
        
        Penalties based on circumstances
      - Examples
        
        Finding a maggot in a McDonald's burger
        
        Slander
        
        Disputing a will
    - - Laws regulates people’s behaviour within society as a whole.
      - Aspects
        
        Public wrongs
        
        Prosecuted by the state
        
        Right to counsel
        
        Proof beyond reasonable right
        
        Defendant has the right to silence
        
        Penalties or sanctums based on the seriousness of the offence
      - Examples
        
        Murder
        
        Drunk driving
        
        Driving an unregistered vehicle
  - - - Aboriginal law or lore is a complex mix of beliefs, traditions, customs, history and kinship systems that is unique to each first nations group
      - Features of Australia's first nations law
        
        Orally based
        
        Based on rituals and traditions
        
        Based on kinship ties
        
        There is agreement on laws throughout the whole group
  - - - Statutory law is the legislation created by parliament
    - - Laws made by the courts
        
        Can be created when there is no legislation or law in place for deciding whether an action is lawful or not and a judge has to rule on the matter based of facts and circumstances
        
        Can be created by a judge's interpretation of legislation and can create a new application of that law
      - Common law is not official but judges and courts partially base their ruling off past rulings by other judges
      - New common laws are created by the judge when the judgement is handed down
- - - - Individual freedom.
      - Freedom of religion
      - Equality
      - A 'fair go'
      - Respect
      - Tolerance
      - Compassion
- - - - Petitions are formal written requests, generally signed by many people, appealing to authority regarding a particular cause
    - - Protests are public displays of disapproval or objection to something
      - These movements often include large groups of people with signs rallying in public place
    - - People can contact their federal, state or local representative to inform them of something
      - To effectively act on behalf of their electorate a representative should listen and respond to the needs and concerns of the people in that electorate and if appropriate convey these within parliament to the ministers responsible
    - - A political party is a group of people who share the same ideals, beliefs,and values and who want to elect representatives to the parliament to form the government
    - - Voting for people who will do the best to represent the wishes of the citizens