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Stunting & immunization, Rahma Aulia Sitorus - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Main benefits :
      - Reducing the number of incidents :
      - -. Disease
      - -. Disability
      - -. Dead
      - Due to infectious diseases
    - - 1.Active Immunization : Provision of weakened/killed germs to stimulate the body to produce its own antibodies.
        For example: polio or measles.
        
        Active immunization is carried out with a vaccine containing :
        
        a) Dead germs (cholera-typhoid/typhus abdominalis-paratyphus ABC vaccine, whooping cough pertussis vaccine).
        
        b) Live attenuated organisms (BCG vaccine against tuberculosis).
        
        c) Live attenuated viruses (smallpox strain, poliomyelitis vaccine).
        
        d) Toxoid (= toxin = neutralized poison from germs: diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid).
      - Passive immunization consists of two types, namely
        
        Congenital Passive Immunization is passive immunization originating from the mother while in the womb, namely in the form of antibodies that pass through the blood and penetrate the placenta.
        
        Acquired Passive Immunization is passive immunization obtained from outside the body, for example by injecting substances or serum containing antibodies.
        
        For example giving antitetanus serum against tetanus disease.
- - - - Maternal factors, can be caused due to poor nutrition during preconception, pregnancy and lactation.
      - And it can also be caused by inadequate stimulation and activity, poor application of care, improper food allocation, and low education of caregivers.
    - - Poor food quality includes poor food quality, lack of diversity and food intake sourced from animal foods, non-nutritious content, and low energy content in complementary foods.
      - Inadequate feeding practices, including infrequent feeding, and inadequate feeding.
    - - Problems related to breastfeeding practices include delayed initiation, not applying exclusive breastfeeding, and early cessation of breast milk consumption.
      - The risk of stunting is 3.7 times higher in toddlers who are not exclusively breastfed compared to toddlers who are exclusively breastfed.
    - - Frequent infections of toddlers include the incidence of diarrhea and acute respiratory infections (ARI).
- - - - Innate Herd Immunity: the proportion of individuals in the population who are resistant to infection, occurring due to previous exposure or immunization.
    - - Acquired Herd Immunity the proportion of individuals in the population who are resistant to infection, occurring due to recent exposure or immunization.