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Xiomara Sanchez, Period 3, Nervous System - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Somatic nervous system: controls voluntary skeletal muscles.
      - Autonomic nervous system: controls involuntary effectors (smooth and cardiac muscles and glands).
- - - - Microglia: small cells that function as phagocytes for bacterial cells and cellular debris, and produce scar tissue in sites of injury.
      - Oligodendrocytes: form the myelin sheath around axons in the brain and spinal cord.
      - Ependymal cells: produce cerebrospinal fluid in CNS.
    - - Structural support.
      - Formation of the blood-brain barrier, which protects brain
        tissue from chemical fluctuation and prevents entry of many substances.
      - Peripheral nervous system neuroglia
        
        Schwann cells: the myelin-producing neuroglia of the PNS.
        
        Satellite cells: provide protective coating around cell bodies of
        neurons in the PNS
- - - - Multipolar neurons: have many dendrites and one axon arising from their cell bodies; most neurons with cell bodies in CNS (interneurons and motor neurons) are multipolar.
      - Bipolar neurons have 2 processes extending from the cell body, a dendrite and an axon; found in some of the special senses, such as the eyes, nose, and ears.
      - Unipolar neurons have only 1 process extending from the cell body; outside the cell body, it soon splits into 2 parts that function as 1 axon; the peripheral process has dendrites near a peripheral body part, and the central process runs into the CNS; the cell bodies are found in ganglia outside the CNS; these are sensory neurons.
- - - - -Limits frequency of action potentials.
        -Ensures the impulse is only transmitted in one direction –down the axon.
- - - - Sympathetic division: active in conditions of stress or
        emergency (fight or flight).
      - Parasympathetic division: active under normal, restful
        conditions (rest and digest).