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Assessing Strontium and Vulnerability to Strontium in Private Drinking…
Assessing Strontium and Vulnerability to Strontium in Private Drinking Water Systems in Virginia
Private Drinking Water
1.7 million Virginians
unknown water quality
often not regulated
Strontium
naturally occurring
alkaline earth metal
present in elementary rock
often found in calcite
contributing factors
nuclear fallout
fertilizers
industrial manufacturing
Public Health Risks
diarrhea
502,000 deaths/year
effects on bone growth
Rickets disease
over 1.5mg/L
Most Vulnerable Areas
the Ridge and Valley Province
agricultural land use
geologic formations
limestone
dolomite
sandstone
shale
Appalacian Plateau
Blue Ridge
Piedmont
Coastal Plane
risk Factors
Physical
rock type
rock age
fertilizer use
food desert
lack of protein/calcium
Social
poverty
poor diet
adolescence
Lime softening
can remove strontium
