Type 1 Diabetes Concept Map
urine specimen shows glycosuria
Treatment
weight loss despite increased appetite (polyphagia) and dietary intake
Age (early onset)
D.K. is an 18-year-old high school student who began to experience weight loss despite a ravenous appetite and resulting increased dietary intake. She has to make frequent trips to the bathroom to urinate and has difficulty concentrating on her work because of fatigue. She drinks large volumes of coffee to help with a constant dry mouth and to combat her fatigue. At a clinic appointment, it was noted that D.K.’s weight has dropped from 140 to 128 pounds. She is 5 feet 7 inches tall. Her urine specimen shows glycosuria and ketonuria. A blood glucose level is 412 mg/dl. D.K. had eaten breakfast 3 hours prior to the reading.
Legend:
Type 1 Diabetes - Possibilities
Diagnosis
Signs & Symptoms
Clinical Manifestations
Lab Values
Test Findings
Treatment
Medications
Risk Factors
Comorbidities
Complications
Etiology
Pathogenesis
polyuria
difficulty concentrating d/t fatigue
Weight change from 140 to 128lbs
urine specimen shows
ketonuria
Blood glucose: 412 mg/dl
breakfast 3 hours prior
drinking large volumes of coffee (polydipsia)
Monitor
Glucose tolerance test
Hemoglobin A1c test
Blood glucose test
Possible Comorbidities
and Complications
Possible S/Sx
irritable or other mood changes
blurry vision
Heart and blood vessel disease
neuropathy
nephropathy
eye damage
foot damage
skin and mouth conditions
Possible Risk Factors
family history
genetics
geography
Pathogensis
insulin
Insulin Glargine (lantus) once daily; subQ dose; prolonged duration for up to 24hrs
autoimmune disorder
destruction of beta cells in the pancreas
insulin deficiency
overproduction of glucagon since there is no insulin present
high blood glucose
no insulin = increase in glycogenolysis/ gluconeogenesis
converts amino acid and free fatty acid into glucose
FFA will produce increase of KETONES
induced hyperkalemia
Complications
insulin deficieny
increase lipolysis
ketones in urine
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
kussmal respirations
fruity breath
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T1D results from the destruction of the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas called beta cells by the adaptive immune system. (Giwa. Ect 2020)
Exact etiology for DM1 is unknown