Type 1 Diabetes Concept Map

urine specimen shows glycosuria

Treatment

weight loss despite increased appetite (polyphagia) and dietary intake

Age (early onset)

D.K. is an 18-year-old high school student who began to experience weight loss despite a ravenous appetite and resulting increased dietary intake. She has to make frequent trips to the bathroom to urinate and has difficulty concentrating on her work because of fatigue. She drinks large volumes of coffee to help with a constant dry mouth and to combat her fatigue. At a clinic appointment, it was noted that D.K.’s weight has dropped from 140 to 128 pounds. She is 5 feet 7 inches tall. Her urine specimen shows glycosuria and ketonuria. A blood glucose level is 412 mg/dl. D.K. had eaten breakfast 3 hours prior to the reading.

Legend:

Type 1 Diabetes - Possibilities

Diagnosis

Signs & Symptoms
Clinical Manifestations

Lab Values
Test Findings

Treatment
Medications

Risk Factors

Comorbidities
Complications

Etiology

Pathogenesis

polyuria

difficulty concentrating d/t fatigue

Weight change from 140 to 128lbs

urine specimen shows
ketonuria

Blood glucose: 412 mg/dl
breakfast 3 hours prior

drinking large volumes of coffee (polydipsia)

Monitor

Glucose tolerance test

Hemoglobin A1c test

Blood glucose test

Possible Comorbidities
and Complications

Possible S/Sx

irritable or other mood changes

blurry vision

Heart and blood vessel disease

neuropathy

nephropathy

eye damage

foot damage

skin and mouth conditions

Possible Risk Factors

family history

genetics

geography

Pathogensis

insulin

Insulin Glargine (lantus) once daily; subQ dose; prolonged duration for up to 24hrs

autoimmune disorder

destruction of beta cells in the pancreas

insulin deficiency

overproduction of glucagon since there is no insulin present

high blood glucose

no insulin = increase in glycogenolysis/ gluconeogenesis

converts amino acid and free fatty acid into glucose

FFA will produce increase of KETONES

induced hyperkalemia

Complications

insulin deficieny

increase lipolysis

ketones in urine

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

kussmal respirations

fruity breath

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T1D results from the destruction of the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas called beta cells by the adaptive immune system. (Giwa. Ect 2020)

Exact etiology for DM1 is unknown