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Placentation, Gestation, & Parturition (Ch 14), IMG_ECF2D6C9FCEF-1 -…

- - - - mom carries baby inside of her and protects it
  - - - mom does not directly provide protection and nutrients to the baby
- - - - an organ of metabolic exchange
      - an organ with endocrine function
        
        hormones that stimulate ovarian function, maintain pregnancy, influence fatal growth, stimulate mammary function, and assist in parturition
      - fetal component
        
        derived from the chorion
        
        chorionic villi
        
        project off fetal chorion and towards the uterine endometrium
      - maternal component
        
        derived from modification of the maternal endometrium
      - discoid
        
        form a regionalized disc
        
        rodents & primates
      - zonary
        
        band like zone of chorionic villi
        
        dogs & cats
      - diffuse
        
        uniform distribution of chorionic villi that cover the surface of the chorion
        
        mare
        
        microcotyledons & endometrial cups
        
        pig
        
        initially attach around day 12 and well established by day 18 to 20
      - cotyledonary
        
        numerous, button-like structures called cotyledons
        
        ruminants
- - - - expulsion of fetal membranes
        
        myometrial contractions
      - requires strong myometrial and abdominal muscle contractions
        
        oxytocin released and amniotic sac ruptures
      - stage 2 and ends when fetus is on the ground
    - - increase fetal ACTH
        
        increase fetal corticosteroids
        
        decrease progesterone
        
        increase estrogen by placenta
        
        increase PGF2alpha by uterus
        
        stimulates increased oxytocin
        receptors in myometrium
        
        luteolysis