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Evolution (Cody Som), Variability, Vestigial structures can indicate…
Evolution (Cody Som)
Charles Darwin is known for his theory of evolution. One of his well-known works: "The Origin of Life".
Darwin
Darwin studied the finches of the Galapagos Islands. The birds helped him in forming his theory of evolution.
Finches
The evolution of finches of the Galapagos Islands allowed Darwin to conclude the idea known as "natural selection".
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Natural selection is the driving factor in many cases of evolution. An example of evolution through natural selection would be the changes in colour of the peppered moths of England during the Industrial Revolution.
Natural Selection
Through his voyage and studies, he was convinced of what he is now most known for, the idea of natural selection.
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Natural selection "selects" for advantageous traits; those which result in reproductive success. An example of natural selection resulting in reproductive success is that of the finches of Galapagos Islands. (Beaks--> Food--> Survival--> Reproductive Success)
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Factors involved in the selection of traits within organisms include: time, genetic variation, and inheritance. These allow for selection such as that of natural selection to occur.
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Competition in an environment results in natural selection; the selection of traits that will benefit a species in competing with other organisms.
Competition
Competition is a form of selective pressure in nature; over time, competing organisms will develop traits to better survive (thus reproduce).
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Meiosis allows for sexual reproduction and genetic variety, both important factors in the process of evolution. Meiosis enables generations and gamete fusion.
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Evolution is dependent on genetic variation to occur. Thus mutations are quite significant, allowing for the process to occur.
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Similar embryonic development of different species indicates evolution. An example of similar embryology would be that of humans and dolphins.
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Evolution may result in convergent evolution; similar pressures causing different species to evolve similarly. An example of convergent evolution would be that of birds and insects.
Convergent Evolution
Analogous structures appear due to convergent evolution. An example of an analogous structure is that of wings of insects, birds, and bats (allow for flight).
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Evolution may cause divergent evolution to take place; different pressures cause species to evolve differently. An example of divergent evolution would be that of bats and bears.
Divergent Evolution
Divergent evolution results in homologous structures. An example of a homologous structures would be that of nostrils when comparing cetaceans and humans.
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Variability
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Meiosis results in genetic variety/variability. An example of a meiotic process that results in variability would be crossing-over/synapsis.
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Vestigial structures can indicate common ancestry between species (evolved from a common ancestor). An example of a vestigial structure in humans would be the appendix (once used to help in digestion).
Vestigial Structures
Vestigial structures exist in organisms due to divergent evolution. An example of a vestigial structure in humans is the appendix (was once involved in digestion).
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