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The People of New France, Defended the colony against the Haudenosaunee…
The People of New France
The Sovereign Council
Governor
- Represented the King.
- Controlled the military and looked after the defence of the colony.
- Dealt with external relations (First Nations).
Bishop of Quebec
- Represented the Catholic Church and provided spiritual and moral guidance.
- Founded schools, hospitals and orphanages.
- Played an active role in governing colony.
- Consulted the clergy before making important decisions.
Intendent
- Chief administrator of the colony and kept the colony in good order.
- Made the colony less dependent on France for meeting basic needs.
- Looked for new ways to exploit the colony for the benefit of France.
Fur Traders
Merchants
- Blacksmiths, shoemakers, masons, bakers and butchers.
- Made their living in the fur trade.
- Bought furs from Coureur de Bois and shipped furs to France for a profit.
Voyageurs
- Means traveller.
- Men from New France who travelled between the fur merchants of Montreal and the fur trade posts of the Great Lakes and further west.
Coureur de Bois
- Runner of the woods (seek trade with First Nations).
- Worked independently for themselves.
- Sold furs wherever they could, even in British colonies.
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Farmers
Seigneurs
- Men from noble families, but women and commoners could also become seigneurs.
- Had to recruit habitants to farm their land.
- Had to build a house for themselves, a flour mill and a church for habitants.
Habitants
- Farmers who lived on seigneuries.
- People who inhabit the land.
- Had to clear the land, plant crops and build a house.
- Had to give a few days labour each year to seigneurs.
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- Defended the colony against the Haudenosaunee and against the British.
- The King offered seigneuries to officers who encouraged soldiers to settle on their land.
- Soldiers chose a military career because they needed a way to make a living.