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Nutrient interactions *testable, Zinc, Riboflavin (B2), Vitamin C, Vit E…
Nutrient interactions *testable
Zinc
high Zn = high metalothionein = trapped copper
Copper
Cu deficiency impairs Fe oxidation for transport
CuZn-SOD requires both Zn and Cu
secondary iron-deficiency anemia
needed for alcohol dehydrogenase
for retinol --> retinal and for RBP
Vitamin A
high intake impairs vit K absorption
Vitamin K
excess beta-carotene decreases plasma Vit E
required for thyroid hormone action
high intake of Zn can reduce Fe absorption b/c both absorbed by DMT1 into enterocytes
Iron
cofactor for 15,15'MO
needed for carotenoid conversion to retinal
synthesis of thyroid hormones
deficiency worsens iodine deficiency
high Zn supplement use decreases Ca2+ absorption
Calcium
low levels stimulate PTH release
PTH
activation of active vitamin D (calcitriol)
high levels stimulate release of calcitonin
Calcitonin
inhibits
decreases Fe absorption
Zinc req. for folate hydrolase (digestion of polyglutamates)
Folate
deficiency incr. choline requirement for MET regeneration
Choline
increases VLDL secretion
Fat
needed for absorption
Vitamin D
increases intestinal absorption of P
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increases serum concentration of Ca2+
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increases absorption of Mg
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required for vitamin A absorption
PUFA increase vit E requirements
Riboflavin (B2)
needed for retinoid conversion
required to convert B6 to coenzyme form
Vitamin B6
deficiency impairs Fe utilization
MTHFR relies on FAD to synthesize 5-MTHF
regenerates GSH
Vitamin C
enhance absorption via. reduction into oxidation states
regenerates Cu for antioxidant function
regeneration of vit E
will reduce absorption if taken together
Vitamin B12
deficiency traps folate as 5-MTF
low B12 decreases heme synthesis, decreasing iron status
Vit E needed for GSHP when Se deficient
Vitamin E
impairs absorption
impairs absorption + increases hepatic oxidation & excretion
Selenium
removal of iodine from T4 --> T3
Iodine
coenzyme for GSHP
GSH
Thiamin