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Prep of aldehyde CHO, Prep of Ketones O ll …
Prep of aldehyde CHO
From acid chloride
Rosenmund's reaction
remove Cl, add H to Carbon
Lindlar's catalyst
Nitriles/cyanide
DIBAL-H
From esters, carboxylic acids and nitriles
Add -H to C=O and H to the other removed group
Stephen's reduction
SNCl2+HCl+H3O
Break triple bond, add -HO to Carbon and H3 to Nitrogen
Benzaldehyde from hydrocarbons
Oxidation of methyl benzene
Using chromium oxides
Forms acetic acid as by product
Etard reaction (using chromyl chloride)
Add CrO2Cl2
Then hydrolysis
Side-chain halogenation followed by hydrolysis
Add X to methyl group
Then H2O
Heat
Gatterman-Kolk reaction
Benzene + (CO + HCl) + Lewis Acid
Prep of Ketones
O
ll R-C-R'
From acid chloride x 2
Dialkyl Cadmium (R'2Cd)
Ketone + CdCl2
Nitriles/Cyanide
Add RMgX
Break triple bond, add R' group to C=O
Ketone + MgXNH2
Fridelcraft acylation/benzoylation
(from benzene)