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Eye Witness Testimony - Coggle Diagram
Eye Witness Testimony
Key Terms
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Eyewitness Testimony - Evidence in court provided by an eyewitness with a view to identify the perpetrator
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Cognitive interview - Police technique - recreate the original context - increases accessibility of stored information
Anxiety - Unpleasant emotional state where we fear that something bad is about to happen when in stressful situations
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The Cognitive Interview
Background
- 1970/80s
- Criticism of traditional police interviews
- Focus on interviewer
- Specific questions
- Forced choice answers
- Predetermined questions
- Cognitive interview 1984
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Importance
- Improved effectiveness of questioning witness in police interviews
- Apply findings of psychological findings
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Anxiety
Johnson and Scott (1976)
- Participants thought they were in lab study
- Sat in waiting area
- Hear an argument in the next room
- Low anxiety condition and high anxiety condition
- LAC: Man walks through with pen and ink on him
- HAC: breaking glass, walked out holding knife + blood
- Had to pick out the man from 50 photos
- 49% identified the pen man
- 33% identified the knife man
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Misleading information
Loftus and Palmer (1974)
- 45 students into 5 groups
- Each group given different verb within question: hit, contacted, bumped, collided, smashed
- Connotations
- Harsher the verb the higher the speed given
- Smashed vs contacted
- Asked a week late rif they saw any broken glass
- Answer did depend on verb used before
- Because the idea of broken glass is put into their heads, they believe there is glass