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Human Body System, Pancreas - Produces enzymes to break up food,…
Human Body System
Digestive system - The digestive system helps to convert food into nutrients and energy for the body.
Types of digestion
Mechanical - Mechanical digestion begins in your mouth with chewing, then moves to churning in the stomach and segmentation in the small intestine. Peristalsis is also part of mechanical digestion. This refers to involuntary contractions and relaxations of the muscles of your esophagus, stomach, and intestines to break down food and move it through your digestive system.
Chemical - Chemical digestion involves the secretions of enzymes throughout your digestive tract. These enzymes break the chemical bonds that hold food particles together. This allows food to be broken down into small, digestible parts.
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- Anus - The anus is the last part of the digestive tract. It's at the end of the rectum. It's where stool comes out of the body. It consists of a muscular ring that opens during a bowel movement to allow stool to pass through, as well as flat cells that line the inside of the anus.
- Mouth - The digestive process starts in your mouth when you chew. Your salivary glands make saliva which moistens food so it moves more easily through your esophagus into your stomach.
Salivary glands - Lubricate your mouth and throat, and aids in swallowing and digestion.
- Large intestine - The purpose of the large intestine is to absorb water and salts from the material that has not been digested as food, and get rid of any waste products left over. By the time food mixed with digestive juices reaches your large intestine, most digestion and absorption has already taken place.
- Esophagus - The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach. The esophagus contracts as it moves food into the stomach.
- Small intestine - The small intestine has parts: the duodenum and jejunum. It helps to further digest food coming from the stomach. It absorbs nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and water from food so they can be used by the body.
Jejunum - Lined with ville which absorbs nutrients and water. That turns liquid waste from the duodenum to solid waste.
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- Stomach - An organ with strong muscular walls, the stomach holds the food and mixes it with acid and enzymes that continue to break the food down into a liquid or paste.
Chief cells - Releases Pepsin enzymes to break down fats into smaller fatty acids that can be further digested in the intestine (chemical digestion).
Parietal cells - Parietal cells are responsible for gastric acid secretion, which aids in the digestion of food, absorption of minerals, and control of harmful bacteria.
Muscular system - The muscular system works closely with the skeletal system. Muscles help the body to move and interact with the world.
Cardiac (involuntary) - Responsible for the contractility of the heart and, therefore, the pumping action. The cardiac muscle must contract with enough force and enough blood to supply the metabolic demands of the entire body. It is only found in the heart.
Skeletal (voluntary) - Skeletal muscles enable humans to move and perform daily activities. They play an essential role in respiratory mechanics and help maintain posture and balance.
Smooth (involuntary) - Smooth muscle is present throughout the body, where it serves a variety of functions. It is in the stomach and intestines, where it helps with digestion and nutrient collection.
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Circulatory system - The circulatory system helps deliver nutrients throughout the body. It consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
Stages of circulation
Systemic - The systemic circulation provides the functional blood supply to all body tissue. It carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells and picks up carbon dioxide and waste products. Systemic circulation carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle, through the arteries, to the capillaries in the tissues of the body.
Pulmonary - Takes blood from the right ventricle, goes through the pulmonary artery, then to the lungs. It drops off carbon dioxide from the lungs and picks up oxygen too. The blood returns to the heart though the pulmonary vein.
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Blood vessels
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Capillaries
They transport blood, nutrients and oxygen to cells in your organs and body systems.
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Veins - Low in oxygen, and they carry blood back to the heart
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Capillaries - Delicate blood vessels that exist throughout your body. They transport blood, nutrients and oxygen to cells in your organs and body systems.
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Peristalsis - Within the digestive system, smooth muscles contract to allow food and nutrients to pass through the different large organs. This contraction is called peristalsis.