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Isomerism - Coggle Diagram
Isomerism
Definitions
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homologous series
compounds with:
- same general formula
- similar chemical properties
- gradation in physical properties
- successive members differ by CH2
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geometric isomers
molecules w same structural formula but
different arrangement of atoms due to presence of 1 or more C=C bond
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Naming
priority
- carboxylic acid
- aldehyde
- ketone
- alcohol
- amine
- alkene
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KEEP e (butane-...)when:
- suffix starts w consonant
- 2 or more functional groups (di/tri)
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Stereoisomerism
GEOMETRIC
C=C double bond consists of
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why E/Z isomers exist?
- restricted rotation around C=C bond
- different groups/atoms on each C of double bond
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OPTICAL
occurs in molecules with chiral centre
- atom that has different atoms/groups atoms
- attached tetrahedrally
every molecule has a MIRROR image
- if mirror image not quite same =
- cannot be superimposed
Optical Activity
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racemic solution
equal concentrations of 2 optical isomers as one isomer rotates it to the right other rotates it to the left 2 opposite effects cancel out
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