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The Normans and the Angevins (1066-1216) - Coggle Diagram
The Normans and the Angevins (1066-1216)
The reasons for the Conquest
The Conquest
King of Norway wants the throne and lands off North-East Coast; Harold fights back
William goes to the South; Harold fights back
Battle of Hastings: October 1066; Senlac Hill; Saxons vs. Normans; Norman victory - Harold is killed
The impact of the Normans on England
The Harrying of the North (1069-1070)
Normandy and England are one political community
Norman infiltration of aristocracy langage and culture
The invasion of England
1051: Edward the Confessor promised William the throne?
1064: Edward named Godwinsson his heir but William said he had sworn on holy relics to leave the throne to him
The Feudal system
The Domesday Book (1086): detailed survey of land and landowners giving account of their wealth
William the Conqueror (1066-1087)
Ilegitimate son of Robert Duke of Normandy
Prior agreement of barons and French King
1047: won battle of Val-ès-Dunes with Henry I
1052: gained territory in Southern Normandy and in Maine
After William: the successive Norman kings
Henry I (1100-1135)
Claimed crown while Robert was on crusade; he left him Normandy with an annual pension
Eventually invades Normandy
Improved the legal system: invented the Court of The Exchequer
Stephen I (1135-1154)
Barons promised the throne to Matilda but gave it to Stephen
Reign marked by civil war
William II (1087-1100)
Problem: the partage of his lands: barons had to pay feudal allegiance to two lords
Solution: Only 1 person to rule Normandy - William II fought Robert III
died hunting in 1100 (murder?)
Incidence on the legal system
Before the conquest
A primitive system: anglo saxon customary rules different in each region
After the Conquest
Centralization: central court (Kings Court/Curia Regis) with itinerant justices
The Angevins
Richard the Lionheart (1189-1199)
Great warrior, chivalrous
Ruthlessly taxed the English, left the country bankrupt
Exploits in the third crusade
King John (1199-1216)
John "lackland": didn't inherit any land
Good administrator
1206: Quarelled with the Pope
1209: excommunicated by the Pope
Enemies: the French King and the Pope
1215: Forced to seal Magna Carta but annulled by Innocent III in August
1214: Battle of Bouvines (French victory)
Henry II (1154-1189)
Father of the Common Law: legal reforms
Married Eleanor d'Aquitaine
More powerful than the French King (more land)
Wanted to control the Church and the barons