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Arch 100 Module 3 - Coggle Diagram
Arch 100 Module 3
A: Australia and the Pacific
Homo floresiensis
New type of Hominid, nicknamed "hobbits".
Possibly 90,000 - 100,000 years old.
May have persisted until 12,000 years ago.
Homo Floresiensis Craniums:
Cranial capacity = ~380 cc.
Comparable to a very early hominin ancestor or chimpanzee. General lack of modern human prgonathism & a rounded cranial vault.
Other similarities to Homo Erectus:
Brow ridges.
Lack of a chin.
Height:
Homo Floresiensis = extremely small - bodied.
Average height = ~3'6",
modern pygmy average height = 4'5 - 4'6".
Body weight = ~55 pounds, outside modern human body weight range.
Comparable to estimates for the Australopithecus afaraensis "Lucy" (3.3 million years ago).
Homo Floresiensis skeletons
Post - cranial skeleton = similar to Homo Erectus,
Wrist bones = more similar to modern apes.
Pectoral girdle = more limited range of movement than modern humans.
Probable ancestors to Hobbits = recently discovered on Flores Island.
Inhabited a savannah - like open grassland habitat & wetland component.
Peopling of Greater Australia:
Sea - levels rise and fall with global temperatures.
Roughly 70,000 years ago, in "Greater Australia" (AKA Sahul).
Glacial period geography: low sea level & glacial advance.
Sahul: Australia, Tasmania, & New Guinea.
Sunda: Much of SE Asia.
Wallacea: archipelago separating Sahul & Sunda. Wallace Line = runs through Wallacea, separates Australia from Asia.
Northern route = indirect, Southern route = most direct.
Migration to Sahul = deliberate, demonstrates complicated voyages, watercraft proficiency, targeted destinations, and multiple directed voyages.
The earliest occupation of Australia: Madjebebe Rock Shelter. Evidence of cooking plants 65,000 years ago. Food plants required processing, showing a suggested familiarity.
Lake Mungo, Australia
Mungo Man
First known evidence of the burial practice of covering the body in red ochre.
Mungo Lady
Earliest known human cremation.
Body was smashed after cremation.. Body smashed after burning occurred, and matrix indicates smashed materials were placed in a conical hole.