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Enzymes - Coggle Diagram
Enzymes
Characteristic of enzymes
Speeds up the rate of chemical reactions and remains chemically unchanged at the end of the chemical reactions
Shape of the enzyme remain unchanged
Lower the activation needed to start the reaction
Activation energy
Energy needed to start a chemical reaction
Minute amount is required
Remains chemically unchanged at the end of chemical reactions they catalyze
A small amount of enzyme can catalyze a large number of chemical reactions
Highly specific in its action
Specific to its 3 dimensional shape
Only substrate molecules with complementary shape to the active site of the enzyme can bind to the enzyme
Lock and Key hypothesis
Enzymes have a fixed shape like a lock
Only recognize the substrate with the complementary shape
Key
Process
The enzyme molecules serves as the lock
Substrate molecules with the complementary shape to the active site of the enzyme can fit into the active site
Formation of an enzyme-substrate complex
Enzyme molecules is free to take part in another reaction
A new product leaves the active site
Temperature
Temperature graph
Low temperature
Low kinetic energy
Low frequency of collision
Low rate of product formation
Enzymes inactive
Increasing temperature
Kinetic energy increases
Frequency of collisions increase
Product formation increases
Optimum temperature
Enzymes most active
Beyond optimum temperature
Molecular vibration increases
Hydrogen bonds broken
Shape of active site altered
Substrate no longer bind to enzyme
Enzymes denatured
pH
Some enzymes work better in acidic conditions while some may work in alkaline conditions
Extreme pH denatures enzymes
Application
Biological washing powder
Dirt on clothes are often proteins and fats in nature
Insoluble in water, breakdown of these compounds are essential
Classification
Anabolic
Make or synthesise a new substance or product from 2 or more substrate molecules
Catabolic
Breaks a substance molecule into 2 or more products
A biological catalyst made up of proteins
A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the chemical reaction without itself undergoing any change in the end