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Immunity Book 1, Natural Barriers to
Pathogen Entry - Coggle Diagram
Immunity Book 1
Specific Immune
Response
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how does it work?
- lymphocyte has receptor on cell membrane
- that is complementary in shape
- to antigen
- fit together - lock + key model (of enzyme action)
DURING EXERCISE
specific immune response = FASTER
- circulation happening faster
- lymphocyte move around body more
- lymphocyte complementary to specific antigen
- found quicker
Antigens
definition
- substances capable of stimulating production of specific and complementary antibodies
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- different pathogens
- different antigen
- immune response specific
to these antigens
Lymphocytes
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despite millions of lymphocytes, only
few of each types
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Antibodies
definition
- globular proteins (immunoglobulins)
- specific + complementary to particular antigens
- which react w/ antigens - to cause destruction
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receptor on lymphocyte + part of
antibody that attaches to antigen =
- SAME SHAPE
- both complementary in shape to antigen
role
- binding proteins
(do not normally kill pathogens)
- triggers a response
- that leads to death of pathogen
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why proteins ideal molecules
for antibodies?
- proteins allow lots diff 3D shapes
- needed to be comple. for diff antigens exist
- proteins unique 3D structure - small changes aa sequence
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Phagocytosis
info
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carried out by no. WBC = phagocytes (Ph)
- squeeze through capillary wall
- engulf pathogens
polymorphs =
- most common
- first to arrive
macrophages =
- develop from monocytes in blood
- larger
- longer lived than polymorphs
- Ph moves towards pathogen
-attracted by chemicals produces
- Ph membrane invaginates
to enclose pathogen
- Ph invaginated membrane forms vesicle (phagosome) around pathogen
- Lysosomes move towards
phagosome + fuse w/ it
- hydrolytic enzymes in lysosomes released into phagosome
-enzymes hydrolyse pathogen
- soluble digested products
absorbed into cytoplasm of phagocyte
Inflammatory Response
- capillaries in effected are = LEAKY
(gaps open in walls)
- plasma seeps into
surrounding area
- inflamed parts of body = SWOLLEN
- w/ pus (Ph, dead pathogens + cell debris)
- inflamed area =
- RED (increased blood flow to area)
- HOT (raised temp - denature enzyme in pathogen)
- SWOLLEN
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