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Mindmap of Chapter 3--Morphology Made by 赵淑敏 20英师3班**, Morpheme - Coggle…
Mindmap of Chapter 3--
Morphology
Made by 赵淑敏 20英师3班**
Morpheme
Definition:
the smallest unit of language
that carries information about
meaning or function
a meaning and a stretch of sound
joined together
Free and bound morpheme
free morpheme
: a word which can be a word by itself
free root
bound morpheme
: a morpheme that must be attached to another one
bound root
affix
derivational
inflectional
suffix
prefix
Allomorphs
The variant forms of a morpheme are called its allomorphs
Morphs
distinguish the sound of a morpheme from the entire morpheme
Morphological rules
of word formation
The ways words are formed
are called morphological rules. These rules determine how morphemes combine to form words.
Derivation
Derivation is an
affixational process
that forms a word with
a meaning and/or category distinct
from that of its bases.
Compounds
Another way to form new words, or compound words, to be more exact, is by
stringing words together
.
b) In many cases, the two words fall into
different categories
. Then the class of the
second or the final word
will be the grammatical category of the component
c) It is often the case that components have different stress patterns from the non-compounded word sequence, thus we find the
primary stress on the first part
of the compound, whereas in phrase on the noun the adjective qualifies.
a) When the two words are in the
same grammatical category
, the compound will be in this category
d) The meaning of a compound is
not always the sum
of the meanings of its parts. While the meaning of some compounds
include
at least to some extent
the meanings of individual parts
, other compounds
do not seem to relate to the meanings of the individual parts at al
l.
Analyzing
word structures
root
constitutes the
core
of the word and carries the
major component of its meaning
; roots typically belong to
a lexical category
affix
do not belong to a lexical category and are always
bound morphemes
Derivational and inflectional morphemes
inflectional morphemes
: bound morphemes which are for the most part purely
grammatical markers
and signify such concepts as
tense, number, case
and so on.
derivational morphemes
: When they are conjoined to other morphemes(or words), new words are derived, or formed.
open class and closed class
open class
words
verbs
adjectives
nouns
adverbs
content words
of a languages, since
new words can be added to these classes regularly
closed class
words
prepositions
articles
pronouns
conjunctions
consist of the
"grammatical" and "functional"
words
;
small
number;
stable
since few new words are added
Definition
refers to the part of the grammar that is concerned with
word formation
and
word structure
word formation
word structure
Morpheme
bound morpheme
bound root
affix
inflectional
derivational
free morpheme
free root