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Influence of bank vegetation on channel morphology in rural and urban…
Influence of bank vegetation on channel morphology in rural and urban watersheds
Problem :question:
Stream Restoration
Does Reforestation Help?
Disagreement amongst field
Forest :arrow_right: wider streams?
Forest :arrow_right: narrower streams?
Urbanization Influence
Prevent restoring stream?
Relation to vegetation
Stream Morphology
The shape
Width
Depth
Curviness
Bank Erosion
Factors that influence
Urbanization
Vegetation
Bed Rock
Weather Patterns :rain_cloud:
Methods :spiral_note_pad:
26 Streams
Locations :world_map:
Pennsylvannia
Maryland
Deleware
Riparian Zone
Area around streams
Forested :fallen_leaf:
Almost contiguous with grass
Upstream in 17
Grassy
Almost contiguous with forested
Upstream in 9
Upstream
Nonurban
16
Urban :cityscape:
10
Measured
Width
Depth
Cross Section
Slope
Sinuosity (curviness)
Impervious Cover
Aerial photography
Objective score count
Percent coverage
Type of coverage
Determined urban or nonurban
Watershed size
Percent difference
Solutions/Findings :bulb:
Forested
Wider channels :left_right_arrow:
Bigger cross section
More stable over time
Upstream urbanization
wider channels :left_right_arrow:
Bigger cross section
More runoff
Vegetation independent of urbanization
Restoration Regression curves
used in stream restoration
Oversimplify morphology factors
Should consider
Vegetation
Urbanization
Bedrock type
Should be more local
Global Issues :globe_with_meridians:
Urbanization
Increasing
Population growth :silhouettes:
Population Concentration
Less Porous Groundcover
Increased runoff
Heavier stream flow
Pollution in waterways
Agriculture
Reduction in forests
Fertilizer runoff
Biome Diversity
Monocultures
Grass
Agriculture
Forests have more diversity
Topsoil erosion
Unstable
Less growth
Less nutrient dense soil
Murkier streams
New Challenges :arrow_right: :snow_capped_mountain: :checkered_flag:
Bedrock
Influence on morphology?
Interconnected with other factors?
Layers of soil
Stable morphology
What shapes are healthiest?
stable
Little erosion
Restoration goal
Do influences scale?
Rivers
Large amounts of water
