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Piaget - Coggle Diagram
Piaget
Stages
GOAL: Object Permanence Idea that even if something is out of sight, it still exists. Show infant something, then hide under blanket. Young infants will not understand that the item still exists, but is hidden. Toddlers that have met this goal will reach for object under blanket, even though it's hidden. They begin to understand this around 8m. Once mastered, this generally marks the end of the Sensorimotor stage.
SUB-STAGES
1. Reflexes (0-1m) [Learn about world through reflexes, like sucking, reaching, grasping. These become more purposeful over time. Can't consolidate info from senses into single concept yet.]
2. Primary Circular Reactions (1-4m) [Infants start to use their own bodies and sensory organs, in repeated activities. May accidentally do the behavior at first, but then repeat it when it is interesting or pleasurable. They repeat the behaviors that they started accidentally, by chance. Circular and primary because related to infants own body. Example, sucking on finger or vocalizing.]
3. Secondary Circular Reactions (4-8m) [Behavior becomes more intentional, and they interact with objects outside themselves. At first, it would be by accident, but then they repeat and actions become more deliberate. More + more interested in outside world. Example: Hitting buttons on toy, shaking rattle, banging on a pot.]
4. Coordination of Secondary Circular Reactions (8-12m) [Behavior becomes more goal directed, combine behaviors to achieve goals. Combine basic reflexes, use planning + coordination to achieve goal. Example: Infant sees toy car under table, crawls to it, reaches, grabs toy. Coordinating both internal = external activities to achieve goal.]
5. Tertiary Circular Reactions (12-18m) [Little scientist. Explores world through trial / error and more purposeful efforts. Behaviors not spontaneous, but purposeful. Can now combine more complex behaviors. Actively engage in their world. Example: throw ball down stairs, see what happens.]
- Beginning of Representational Thought / Mental Combinations (18-24m) [This is end of sensorimotor stage. Symbolic or representational thought. Basic understanding that objects can be used as symbols, above to solve problems using mental strategies. Use gesture / words to communicate. Example: Toddler can engage in pretend play, like use hands / fingers for a telephone.
GOAL: Children use symbols to represent words, images, ideas. Pretend play. Operational refers to "logical manipulation of info" - kids here are PRE-operational. In this stage, they start to use mental representations, pretend play etc. Causality
SUB-STAGES
1. Symbolic Function Substage (2-4y): Child being able to mentally represent an object that is not present, using perception in problem solving.
2. Intuitive Thought Substage (4-7y) More dependence on intuitive thinking rather than just perception in problem solving
KEY BEHAVIORS
Imitation: Mimic others
Symbolic Play: Pretend stick is sword
Drawing: Represent objects / ppl
Mental Imagery: Visualize in their minds
Verbal descriptions: Use words to describe events / ppl etc
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GOAL: Conservation. Idea that things can be the same, even if they look different. Recognizing that moving liquid doesnt change it.
Summary: Children capable of solving problems, because they can consider outcomes. Categorization improves, numerical abilities improve, spatial abilities improve.
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IMPORTANT IDEAS:
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Deferred Imitation: Imitation or copying happens after a time delay (can occur as early as 6 months)
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