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EPIDEMIOLOGI KLB ETC MALARIA - Coggle Diagram
EPIDEMIOLOGI KLB ETC MALARIA
EXTRAORDINARY EVENT
IS THE ARRIVAL OR INCREASE OF EPIDEMIOLOGICALLY SIGNIFICANT ILLNESS/DEATH IN A CERTAIN TIME.
CLASSFICATION
According to the cause
infection
Toxins --> biological and chemical
According to the source
Man
Human activity
Animal
Insect
Air
Air
Food
Surface objects
EXTRAORDINARY EVENTS CRITERIA
The emergence of a disease / illness that did not exist before.
Continuous increase in the incidence of disease/death for 3 consecutive periods
Increase in the incidence of disease/death, 2 (two) times or more compared to the previous period
The number of new patients in one month shows a two-fold or more increase compared to the monthly average in the previous year.
The average figure per month for one year shows an increase of 2 (two) times or more compared to the average per month from the previous year.
The Case Fatality Rate of a disease within a certain period of time shows an increase of 50% or more compared to the CFR from the previous period.
The Proportion Rate (PR) of new patients from a certain period shows a two-fold increase
MALARIA TRANSMISSION
Malaria transmission is carried out by female Anopheles mosquitoes, resulting in infection of red blood cells by Plasmodium which is transmitted through Anopheles mosquito bites, blood transfusions, and arrangements with needles that have previously been used by malaria sufferers. In the human body, the parasite divides and multiplies in the liver and then infects the red blood cells.
MOSQUITO LIFE CYCLE
Asecsual cycle
secsual cycle
DANGER OF MALARIA
Hematologic changes are a complication most common cause of malaria infection. Hematology in malaria that has disappeared reported were anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia to leukocytosis. Several mechanisms of anemia in malaria destruction of erythrocytes containing parasites, dyseritropoesis (disorders in the formation of erythrocytes due to depressed erythropoiesis in the marrow bone), hemolysis by immune complex processes that complement-mediated erythrocytes health, and the influence of cytokines. Especially anemia seen clearly in falciparum malaria and malaria chronic with rapid destruction of erythrocytes and great.
VECTOR CONTROL
Prevent patients who contain gametocytes, because patients who contain gametocytes are a source of infection.
Eradicate mosquitoes as vectors of malaria
Avoiding or reducing contact/bites of Anopheles mosquitoes containing sporozoites.
Protect people who are vulnerable and at risk of being infected with malaria
PLANNING PROGRAMS
Avoiding/reducing malaria mosquito bites, by using mosquito nets at night not outside the house, using rubbing mosquito repellent (spraying/burning), installing wire netting on ventilation and staying away from livestock pens from the house.
Cleaning mosquito nests.
Killing adult mosquitoes (by spraying insecticides).
Kills larvae by scattering larvae-eating fish.
Killing larvae with larvicides.
How to Report to health departement
Recording and reporting of Puskesmas activities and the network
Health center financial recording and reporting and the network
Field survey
Related cross-sector reports
Report on the Puskesmas network in its working area