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DEMAM ( DHF ) - Coggle Diagram
DEMAM ( DHF )
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morphology
egg:
Adult, female mosquitoes lay eggs on the inner walls of containers with water, above the waterline.
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Mosquitoes only need a small amount of water to lay eggs. Bowls, cups, fountains, tires, barrels, vases, and any other container storing water make a great “nursery.”
larva
larvae live in the water they form mosquito eggs. larvae can be seen in water they are very active are often called wigglers.
larvae anatomy : head, thorax, abdomen ( larvae have 8 part of the abdomen), and larvae have hair
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grade DHF
grade II : signs plus spontaneous bleeding, thrombocytopenia <100.000, hct rise > 20 %
grade I : above signs plus positive tourniquet test, trombositopenia < 100.000, hit rise > 20 %
grade III : signs plus circulatory failure ( week pulse, hypotension, restlessness). thrombocytopenia < 100.000, hot rise > 20%
grade IV : profound shock with undetectable blood pressure and pulse, thrombocytopenia < 100.000, hot rise > 20 %
fever patofisiology
The process of fever starts from the stimulation of white blood cells (monocytes, lymphocytes, and neutrophils) by exogenous pyrogens in the form of toxins, inflammatory mediators, or immune reactions.
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Hypothalamic endothelium exogenous pyrogens to form prostaglandins. The prostaglandins that are formed will then increase the thermostat benchmark in the hypothalamus thermoregulation center
The hypothalamus will assume that the current temperature is lower than the new benchmark temperature so that this triggers mechanisms to increase heat, including shivering. thus increasing heat production.
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definition DHF
dengue hemorrhagic fever is a disease caused by the dengue virus which is spread by the aedes aegypti mosquito.
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treatment
DHF patients are given isotonic fluids intravenously, such as normal saline (NaCl 0.9%), Ringer's lactate, or Hartmann's fluids at the following doses:
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the hematocrit remains or improves, then continue to give 2−3 mL/kg/hour for 2−4 hours
If the hematocrit is increasing or the patient is deteriorating, then give 5-10 mL/kg/hour for 1-2 hours.
Repeat clinical examination of the patient and hematocrit every 1-4 hours to determine the dose of fluid therapy
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