Cushing syndrome.
Anatomi Adrenal
Definisi dan Klasifikasi
Cushing’s syndrome is generally defined as a state of glucocorticoid excess. It can be caused by endogenous production of cortisol from the adrenal gland (regardless of the reason) or by synthetic glucocorticoids administered therapeutically for any number of diseases.
KLASIFIKASI
ACTH-dependent adrenal hyperfunction can be caused by excess ACTH secretion by pituitary corticotroph tumors (Cushing’s disease) or ectopic ACTH production, usually from neuroendocrine tumors
- Endogenous ACTH-independent Cushing’s syndrome is caused by autonomous adrenal overproduction of cortisol, usually due to a benign, solitary adrenocortical adenoma
Etiologi dan Faktor Resiko
faktor resiko
- Age
- Gender
- Suffering from type 2 diabetes
- Have overweight or overweight
- Have a family member with Cushing's syndrome
Endogenous causes
Exogenous causes
Manifestasi Klinis dan Patofisiologi
maniffestasi klinis
Central obesity
Fat deposits on the back
Round face (moon face)
Striae
Reduced muscle mass
General weakness.
patofisiologi
Metabolisme protein dan karbohidrat
Distribusi jaringan adiposa
Elektrolit
Fungsi otak
Eritropoesis
Sekresi lambung
Sistem kekebalan
CMD
anamnesis
pemeriksaan fisik
Symptoms
any health conditions you may have
the medicine you are taking
will look for signs like a bump between shoulders, stretch marks, and bruises.
Pemeriksaan lab
24-hour urinary free cortisol test
Salivary cortisol measurement
Low-dose dexamethasone suppression test
Dexamethasone–CRH test
pemeriksaan penunjang
24-hour urinary free cortisol test
Salivary cortisol measurement
Low-dose dexamethasone suppression test
Dexamethasone–CRH test
Diagnosa banding
Metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance syndrome
ADRENAL TUMOR
CUSHING DISEASE
Adrenal Cortical Cancer / Adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC)
Hypothyroid
Chronic kidney failure
Hypothalamic amenorrheais
Tata laksana dan edukasi
tatalaksana
Reducing the Dose of Corticosteroids
surgery
Radioterapi
drugs
edukasi
- Increase daily activities slowly to protect weakened muscles from damage from pushing too hard.
- Have a healthy diet with nutritious foods to help increase energy and strengthen bones.
- Maintain mental health: keep yourself relaxed and manage stress well.
- Trying therapies to relieve aches and pains, such as hot baths, massage and exercise.
Komplikasi dan Prognosis
komplikasi
- osteoporosis, which can increase your risk of bone fractures
- muscle loss (atrophy) and weakness
- high blood pressure (hypertension)
- type 2 diabetes
- frequent infections
- heart attack or stroke
- depression or anxiety
- cognitive difficulties like trouble concentrating or problems with memory
- enlargement of an existing tumor
- prognosis = Untreated Cushing's syndrome is usually fatal. It can be caused by self-inflicted tumors such as in ectopic ACTH syndrome and adrenal carcinoma, or by hyperglucocorticoids and their complications such as infected hypertension, thromboembolism, and irritability.
DD wajah bengkak dan Berat badan Meningkat
Hipotiroid
Obesity
Syndrom nefrotik
preeklamsia
Cushing disease
Fisiologi kelenjar adrenal