Cushing syndrome.

Anatomi Adrenal

image

Definisi dan Klasifikasi

Cushing’s syndrome is generally defined as a state of glucocorticoid excess. It can be caused by endogenous production of cortisol from the adrenal gland (regardless of the reason) or by synthetic glucocorticoids administered therapeutically for any number of diseases.


KLASIFIKASI

ACTH-dependent adrenal hyperfunction can be caused by excess ACTH secretion by pituitary corticotroph tumors (Cushing’s disease) or ectopic ACTH production, usually from neuroendocrine tumors

  1. Endogenous ACTH-independent Cushing’s syndrome is caused by autonomous adrenal overproduction of cortisol, usually due to a benign, solitary adrenocortical adenoma

Etiologi dan Faktor Resiko

faktor resiko

  1. Age
  1. Gender
  1. Suffering from type 2 diabetes
  1. Have overweight or overweight
  1. Have a family member with Cushing's syndrome

Endogenous causes
Exogenous causes

Manifestasi Klinis dan Patofisiologi

maniffestasi klinis

Central obesity

Fat deposits on the back

Round face (moon face)

Striae

Reduced muscle mass

General weakness.

patofisiologi

Metabolisme protein dan karbohidrat

Distribusi jaringan adiposa

Elektrolit

Fungsi otak

Eritropoesis

Sekresi lambung

Sistem kekebalan

CMD

anamnesis

pemeriksaan fisik

Symptoms

any health conditions you may have

the medicine you are taking

will look for signs like a bump between shoulders, stretch marks, and bruises.

Pemeriksaan lab

24-hour urinary free cortisol test

Salivary cortisol measurement

Low-dose dexamethasone suppression test

Dexamethasone–CRH test

pemeriksaan penunjang

24-hour urinary free cortisol test

Salivary cortisol measurement

Low-dose dexamethasone suppression test

Dexamethasone–CRH test

Diagnosa banding

Metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance syndrome

ADRENAL TUMOR

CUSHING DISEASE

Adrenal Cortical Cancer / Adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC)

Hypothyroid

Chronic kidney failure

Hypothalamic amenorrheais

Tata laksana dan edukasi

tatalaksana

Reducing the Dose of Corticosteroids

surgery

Radioterapi

drugs

edukasi

  • Increase daily activities slowly to protect weakened muscles from damage from pushing too hard.
  • Have a healthy diet with nutritious foods to help increase energy and strengthen bones.
  • Maintain mental health: keep yourself relaxed and manage stress well.
  • Trying therapies to relieve aches and pains, such as hot baths, massage and exercise.

Komplikasi dan Prognosis

komplikasi

  • osteoporosis, which can increase your risk of bone fractures
  • muscle loss (atrophy) and weakness
  • high blood pressure (hypertension)
  • type 2 diabetes
  • frequent infections
  • heart attack or stroke
  • depression or anxiety
  • cognitive difficulties like trouble concentrating or problems with memory
  • enlargement of an existing tumor
  • prognosis = Untreated Cushing's syndrome is usually fatal. It can be caused by self-inflicted tumors such as in ectopic ACTH syndrome and adrenal carcinoma, or by hyperglucocorticoids and their complications such as infected hypertension, thromboembolism, and irritability.

DD wajah bengkak dan Berat badan Meningkat

Hipotiroid

Obesity

Syndrom nefrotik

preeklamsia

Cushing disease

Fisiologi kelenjar adrenal

image