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BUREAUCRACY AND PUBLIC ORGANIZATION., Definition, According to Max Weber,…
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Definition
Bureaucracy is the administrative system governing any large institution, whether publicy owned or privately owned.
According to Max Weber, these characteristics allow a bureaucracy to function smoothly in the best of circumstances.
In most organizations, tasks are too complicated and difficult to be accomplished by an individual, therefore the labor is divided among positions and individuals specialization. Division of labor will leads employees to become knowledgeable and expert at performing their own tasks.
Extensive rules and regulations are function to guide the organization. Therefore, authorities in bureaucratic organization make their decisions based on the rules and regulations to prevent the abuse of power.
Each level in a hierarchy structure determines the level below. The upper level will provides instructions and direction to the lower level. The hierarchical structure greatly helps in managing who will make decisions and plan without confusion.
In bureaucracy, clients are handled in a formalized and unbiased way. Authorities must carry out their responsibilities in accordance with organizational norms and values without taking individuals' needs into account.
Employees are typically hired based on their own skills and job requirements in bureaucracy. In other words, hiring decisions are made based on technical qualifications rather than favoritism.
Maintaining of official records is a keystone of bureaucratic organization. The organization's decisions and activities are formally documented and kept on file for future use.
Max Weber's theories of bureaucratic organization also has some flaws and has drawn criticism for it.
Public organization is a part of the economy that comprise all organizations that are owned and operated by the government. This include everything from schools and hospitals to roads and bridges. The public sector might provide services that a non-payer which benefit all of the society rather than just the individual who uses the services. Public enterprises, often known as state-owned enterprises, are self-financing businesses that are controlled by the government and sell a variety of private goods and services. They typically operate on a for-profit model.
The administrative systems in Malaysia historically is more influenced by the concept of administration based on the British colonial systems.
- Bureaucracy is a way to build effective institutions with permanent staff of trained professionals, whose authority is predetermined by laws and regulations, and whose duty includes applying simple, general rules to particular situations (Weber, 1946).
- Traditional public administration
- Inward looking focusing primarily on its own organization
- New Public Management is a model of public administration that has developed in opposition to
the bureaucratic model
- Approach to manage administration with the same effectiveness and efficiency as the private sector
- NPM is more outward looking
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The departmental undertaking is considered as one of the departs of government. It function under all over control of one ministry or department of government.
The government company is wholly or partly owned by the government. The government is managed by the board of directors, who are nominated by the government and other shareholder.
Public bureaucracies can have a more various membership because they rely on qualified applicants who have been verified.
The private bureaucracy is a tool, instrument, or machine with separate and exclusive functions.
Hybrid bureaucracy has three main categories which is formal bureaucracy, flexible bureaucracy, and complex bureaucracy.