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cell ultrastructure, cell - Coggle Diagram
cell ultrastructure
eukaryotic
- cells make up multicellular organisms e.g plants and animals.
- are complex cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- approximately 10-100 μm
- the ultra structure seen using an
electron microscope.
- chemical reactions occur in the cytoplasm of a cell.
- The cell surface membrane / the plasma membrane separates the cell cytoplasm from external environment.
prokaryotic
- are single-celled organisms.
- are simple structures & do not have a nucleus or any membrane-bound organelles.
cell
cytoplasm
structure
- thick, gelatinous, semi-transparent fluid
function
- maintains cell shape
- stores chemicals needed by cell for metabolic reactions
nucleus
function
- controls/regulates cellular activity
- houses genetic material= chromatin, DNA & proteins
-instruction for making proteins
structure
- largest organelle
- surrounded by nuclear envelope
- envelope=nuclear pores
- contains chromatin
nucleolus
structure
- dense spherical structure
- middle of nucleus
function
- synthesizes RNA & ribosomes
plasma membrane
structure
- composed of phospholipid bilayer
- proteins embedded
function
- its selectively permeable
- regulates transport of material into and out of cells
-
-
golgi apparatus
structure
- stack of membrane bound flattened sacs
function
- newly made proteins recieved from RER
- modifies & packages proteins to vesicles to be transported
- lysosomes produced
vesicle
structure
- small spherical membrane bound sacs with fluid
function
- transportmaterials inside cell
- secretory vesicle transport proteins to be released from cell -> cell membrane
lysosomes
structure
- small spherical membrane bound sacs with hydrolytic enzymes
function
- break down waste e.g. old organelles
80s ribosomes
structure
- tiny organelles attached to RER / floating in cell
- consists of 2 sub units
- not surrounded by membrane
-
mitochondria
function
- site of cellular respiration
structure
- 2 membranes
- inner membrane= folded to form cristae
- central part= matrix
centrosomes
structure
- made from 2 small micro tubules= centrioles
- complex protein fibres
function
- form spindle fibres during cell division