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The digital economy: electronic markets - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The banks are making efforts to promote the migration of their current clients towards electronic means, since they are cheaper than the branch; as well as to attract new virtual clients to Internet banking. Although the statistics show that the number of clients that carry out operations through the Internet does not stop growing; online banking does not have short-term returns, but rather long-term ones, since it is a new product that is maturing, and it is necessary to establish a culture of use of this technology, so it is not possible to know how long it will take to payback (high start-up and advertising costs).
- - - - The rapid diffusion and great interest in the world of computing has allowed the creation of Internet/Web technology, a fundamental tool for computer networks and their users. The Internet offers a new market that defines the "digital economy."
        Producers, providers of goods/services and users are able to have access and worldwide transmission of information and entertainment in a simple and economical way, whether for commercial or social purposes.
      - ELECTRONIC COMMERCE
        
        "It is the application of advanced information technology to increase the effectiveness of business relationships between business partners." (Automotive Action Group in North America).
        
        "The availability of a business vision supported by advanced information technology to improve efficiency and effectiveness within the business process." (EC Innovation Centre).
        
        "It is the use of computer and telecommunications technologies that is carried out between companies or between sellers and buyers, to support the trade of goods and services."
        
        ORIGIN AND HISTORICAL EVOLUTION
        Commerce, an ancestral human activity, has evolved in many ways. But its meaning and its end are always the same. According to the consulting economy dictionary, Commerce is "the process and mechanisms used, necessary to place the goods, which are made in the production units, in the consumption centers where consumers are supplied, the last link in the chain of commercialization. It is communication and treatment".
- - - - Attacks can serve various objectives including fraud, extortion, information theft, revenge, or simply the challenge of penetrating a system. This can be done by internal employees abusing their access permissions, or by external attackers remotely accessing or intercepting network traffic.
        
        ATTACK METHODS AND TOOLS
        In the early years, the attacks involved little technical sophistication. Insiders (disgruntled employees or outsiders with access to systems within the company) used their permissions to alter files or records.
        Outsiders (people who attack from outside the physical location of the organization) entered the network simply by finding out a valid password.
        
        EAVE DROPPING AND PACKET SNIFFING
        Many networks are vulnerable to eavesdropping, or the passive interception (without modification) of network traffic.
        On the Internet this is done by packet sniffers, which are programs that monitor network packets that are addressed to the computer where they are installed.
        The sniffer can be placed both in a workstation connected to the network, as well as in a router or an Internet gateway, and this can be done by a user with legitimate access, or by an intruder who has entered by other means.
        
        OTHER OPTIONS
        Security is not the exclusive patrimony of the great country of the North. Singing tests: a university in Finland developed the Secure Shell (SSH) that is used to establish encrypted communications over the Internet or intranets, the internal networks of companies that use the same Internet language and thus "transport" valuable information.
- - - - Copyright and related rights
        It has already been said that the laws always distinguish between the author of a work (eg a film) and its interpreters (eg the actors).
        The author's rights over his work are not the same, nor do they have the same legal regime, as the rights of the performers over their performance. Both are intellectual property rights, and it's not like the rules are completely different.
        In reality they are very similar, but they are not the same, as a matter of principles that we will not go into until the section
        
        Authors and related to the author
        The Law calls "author" only natural persons. Legal persons are sometimes equated to authors, but their authorship is hardly ever recognized, at least in the Spanish LPI. The only exception is in the case of computer programs, as we will see in 8.2. There is also a case of difficult interpretation, which we will deal with immediately: that of the so-called collective works.
        
        Underage and salaried authors
        Underage authors or artists are of course considered holders of their intellectual property rights. In other words: they are protected like those of adults. However, only those under the age of 18 and over the age of 16 who live independently -in agreement with their parents or guardians- can cede their exploitation rights by themselves; The other minors need, in order to cede their rights, the authorization of the person in charge of them. Article 44 LPI.
        
        Intellectual property, from the point of view of the European continental tradition and of the main Latin American countries, supposes the recognition of a special property right in favor of an author or other rights holders, over the works of the human intellect.
        
        World Intellectual Property Day is celebrated on April 26.
        
        Moral rights.
        They are inalienable and non-transferable rights that mainly include the right to paternity of the work (to be recognized as the author of a work), the right to its integrity (to prevent any deformation, modification, alteration or attempt against it) and the right to decide how the work will be disseminated. In the same way, Spanish law has decided to extend these non-transferable rights to others of lesser importance, such as the right to withdraw the work from the market, or the right to access the unique or rare copy of it.
        
        Patrimonial rights.
        They are the exploitation rights over the work, generally with economic content. They include the rights of reproduction, distribution, public communication, making available and transformation, although this classification is not numerus clausus since the practice of the sector includes others such as the right of synchronization.