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The society of the information - Coggle Diagram

- - - - ENIAC's problem was the difficulty of programming. Any changes in the program had to be reflected in the connections between the vacuum tubes. The following efforts were directed to facilitate the work of the programmer.
      - John von Neumann (1903-1957), interested in the atomic bomb project, needed a fast calculator that was easy to program. Thanks to its prestige, Princeton University built the EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer), which was completed in 1949.
      - THE SECOND GENERATION.
        The next step was miniaturization.
        In 1948, Shocley, Bardeen, and Brattain of Bell Laboratories invented the transistor.
        In principle, it works in a similar way to a vacuum tube, except that it does not overheat (or melt, therefore), it has a much shorter reaction time (in the order of tenths of a millionth of a second) and it is much smaller (between ten and twenty times smaller than the valve).
        Transistorized computers are developed and external memories made of ferrite cores and magnetic stripe are introduced. The first programming languages appear and the competition in the market begins to be considerable.
        
        THE THIRD GENERATION.
        It is the integrated circuit.
        The integrated circuit is nothing more than the minimum expression of the transistor. It is based on the properties of semiconductors, which work like transistors, but are very small in size (15 or 20 transistors in a few square millimeters).
        The I.B.M. exemplifies the birth of this generation.
        
        SOCIETY OF INFORMATION
        The first person to use the term knowledge society is Mallup in 1962, referring to a society that will be the same society that appears in the report by Nora Minc (France, 1976), which is the first study that speaks of a telematic society. , that is, a society in which we would be guided by the computer and telecommunication. Before this telematic arrival, public policies are proposed.
        
        The notion of the Knowledge society was used for the first time in 1969 by Peter Drucker, and in the 1990s it was deepened in a series of detailed studies published by researchers such as Robin Mansel or Nico Stehr.
- - - - Unlike industrial society, identified as a class society, in post-industrial society belonging to a certain social class ceases to be the most pronounced identity trait, becoming others, for example, sexual or gender identity, religion or nationality.
- - - - Globalization is the process by which the growing communication and interdependence between the different countries of the world unifies markets, societies and cultures, through a series of social, economic and political transformations that give them a global character. Thus, the modes of production and capital movements are configured on a planetary scale, while governments are losing powers in the face of what has been called the "network society."
        
        Etymologically, certain authors consider the term mundialization to be more appropriate in Spanish, Gallicism derived from the French word mondialisation, instead of globalization, Anglicized from the English globalization, since in Spanish "global" is not equivalent to "mundial", as is the case in English.
        
        Knowledge is more than a set of data, seen only as data it is a set of facts, truths or information stored through experience or learning (a posteriori), or through introspection (a priori).
        Knowledge is an appreciation of the possession of multiple interrelated data that alone have less qualitative value. It means, ultimately, the possession of a model of reality in the mind.
- - - - EVOLUTION OF SERVICES.
        The past, universal service.
        In its more than one hundred years of history, telecommunication services, whose greatest exponents are the telephone and television, have provided truly transcendental innovations with great social impact, but they have always done so prudently, with a certain amount of calm, taking care that the new was compatible with the above and did not make it useless, paying attention to the infrastructures to optimize the large investments that they implied and, above all, seeking the universality of the services, their socialization.
        
        The present, a change of pace.
        But at the present moment we already feel symptoms that things will never be the same as in the past. There are services that are developing much faster than it was in the past.
        The future: interactive multimedia services.
        But although the present represents a significant change with respect to the past, this change is completely overshadowed with respect to the type of services that are envisioned for the future.
        
        THE SOCIETY OF THE INFORMATION.
        Once the technological aspect of the information highways has been exposed, together with some considerations about its meaning and a few brushstrokes of its most striking applications, in principle, it is worth asking:
        What can be the importance of these highways from the point of view of the economy, culture, society and the individual?