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Live attenuated vaccine & Inactivated vaccines - Coggle Diagram
Live attenuated vaccine & Inactivated vaccines
Live attenuated vaccine
Defination
Use a weakened (or attenuated) form of the germ that causes a disease
How to create
Usually by repeated culturing
Diseases prevented
Measles, mumps, rubella, polio (oral), smallpox, chickenpox, BCG, typhoid (oral), yellow fever, rotavirus, and influenza vaccines
Advantages
Durable immunity against diseases that can withstand the test of time
More efficient immunisations and a lessened need for booster injections
They are as close to the live, wild-type virus as we can safely get in a vaccine
Disadvantage
These vaccines are also not given to women during pregnancies
The risk of reversion to a more virulent strain of the virus or bacteria being vaccinated against
Attenuated vaccines can sometimes pose logistical problems when it comes to transport and delivery
Live attenuated vaccines can’t be safely given to people who are immunocompromised
Inactivated vaccines
Defination
a vaccine consisting of virus particles, bacteria, or other pathogens that have been grown in culture and then killed to destroy disease-producing capacity.
How to create
produce an immune response that is primarily antibody-mediated
Diseases prevented
Hepatitis A
Injected polio
Rabies
influenza
Tick-borne encephalitis
Cholera
Plague
Pertussis
Avantages
More stable than live pathogens.
Increased stability facilitates the storage and transport of inactivated vaccines.
cannot revert to a virulent form and cause disease
do not replicate and are not contraindicated for immunocompromised individuals
Disadvantages
have a reduced ability to produce a robust immune response for long-lasting immunity when compared to live attenuated vaccines
Adjuvants and boosters are often required to produce and maintain protective immunity
Pathogens must be cultured and inactivated for the creation of killed whole-organism vaccines. This process slows down vaccine production when compared to genetic vaccines