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What were the causes of the industrial revolution - Coggle Diagram
What were the causes of the industrial revolution
Background
capital available
wealthy population
healthy population
colonies as providers
agriculture revolution
aristocrats in favour
political stability
Agriculture developments
enclosure movement
: change from strips of land to enclosure system with larger farming units which decreased amount of food and better-quality animals were made
improved soil fertility
: use of fertilisers such as lime increased nitrogen levels, use of manure, and greater awarness of which types of soil suited specific crops or animals
crop rotation
: areas of farmland were left fallow every third or forth year, this was replaced with a system where wheat, barely, clover and turnips could be planted in a four-year cycle
selective livestock breeding
: enclosing land and putting fences meant animals with desirable characteristics could be bred selectively and sick animals isolated
Links between agriculture and industry
: more food=more population= more demand for more manufacture goods and capital for investment in transport=more food to be transported=more population could be fed= increased population
Development of capitalism
investment
: good banks, loans at low interest, insurance market ensured investment, success stories of other investors encouraged more investors
overseas trades
: the Royal Navy protected trading and the merchant navy transported British goods, West India Company and East India Company, new colonies meant more markets, country rivers
and ports developed, slavery behind
Commerce
: Yorkshire: wood, Bedfordshire: lace, Sheffield: metal work, Worcestershire and Workshire: nails. Change in commerce in 1750: cottage industry, 1800: produced in factories
Early mechanisation
Iron and coke
: Abraham Darby developed a technique for using coke instead of charcoal for melting the iron ore which produced a better quality iron produced at a lower price too which was crucial to developing machinery for industrialization
steam power
: Thomas Newcomen invented an atmospheric steam engine which could pump large quantities of water out of mines at a low cost, this invention was later developed to drive machines steam trains
textiles
: John Kay flying shuttle improved weaving speeds and quality of finished cloth. James Hargreaves spinning jenny speeded spinning process
developments in transport
rivers made accessible to larger cargoes
by expenditure in locks, weirs, dredging and towpaths.
improved ability of ports
to handle bulk imports and exports such as Liverpool, Bristol, Newcastle, and Glasgow
roads
: system called Turnpike Trusts where people would get toll money for improving and maintaining a stretch of road.
canals
: many canals builded for example Duke of Bridgewater which was a canal from his coal mines to the centre of Manchester
population
: growth of population was an important factor as a manufacture need people to work at their factory and domestic demand