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Immunity and Vaccines - Coggle Diagram

- - - - peptidoglycan
      - LPS
      - bacterial flagella
      - fungal cell wall
      - double stranded RNA in cytoplasm
  - - - Proteins circulating in blood and tissue
      - activated by 3 pathways leading to C3 convertase
        
        Classical pathway
        
        activated by antibodies bound to microbe
        
        alternative pathway
        
        triggered by C#b binds to foreign cell surfaces
        
        Lectin pathway
        
        pattern recognition molecules bind to mannose
  - - - C3b binds to bacterial cells and foreign particles allowing phagocytes to engulf more easily
    - - C5a attracts phagocytes to area
      - C3a and C5a increases permeability of blood vessels
    - - membrane attack complexes formed by proteins C5b, C6, C7, C8 and C9
- - - - eliminate extracellular threats
      - B cells develop in bone marrow
      - Plasma cells
      - Memory B cells
    - - deals with targets that reside within a host cell
      - T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells must be activate before they multiply
  - - - mediate humoral immunity
      - produce a single antibody
      - makes a unique receptor that binds to a single antigen
    - - major t cell types
        
        helper t cells
        
        cytotoxic t cells
        
        regulatory t cells
      - mediate cellular immunity
      - Unique receptor that only recognized a single type of antigen
- - - - immune response after exposure to an infectious agent
    - - Immunity after vaccination
  - - - Antibodies are transferred to her fetus during pregnancy or during breastfeeding
    - - antibodies contained in the serum of other people/animals are injected to an individual
  - - - Weakened form of pathogen
      - Naturally mutated or genetically manipulated to replace normal genes
      - Single dose induces long lasting immunity
      - Can cause disease to immunosuppressed
      - Require refrigeration and used quickly
    - - Not viable so unable to replicate
      - Cannot cause infections or revert to pathogenic forms
      - No replication so immune response is limited
        
        Several boosters needed to compensate for lack of persistence
- - - - skin
        
        difficult for microbes to penetrate
        
        epidermis
        
        outermost cells are deas
        
        dermis
        
        cells surrounded by collagen and other elastic proteins
      - mucos membranes
        
        line digestive, respiratory tracts
        
        constantly bathed in secretions
        
        peristalsis move microbes to areas for elimination
  - - - perspiration on skin
    - - degrades peptidoglycan
    - - breaks down hydrogen peroxide to make reactive O2 species
    - - form pores
      - small peptides produced by neutrophils and epithelial cells