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Emergence of authoritarian states, Consolidation and maintenance of power,…
Emergence of authoritarian states
Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors;
social division; impact of war; weakness of political system
Propaganda is one of the tools used to create an authoritarian state.
The Long March
Ideology
Rectification campaigns of 1942
The May Fourth movement
Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion;
the role of leaders; ideology; the use of force; propaganda
China had hoped to gain the province of Shangdong after World War II, but it was ceded to Japan instead, which led to widespread unrest since the residents were forced to pay excessive taxes and had their land pillaged and robbed by advancing forces.
People who did not adhere to Mao's ideals were publicly humiliated and robbed of their goods.
Before Mao, the government had failed to keep western influence outside of China, and as a result, the populace despised it for failing to preserve Chinese culture.
Propaganda made it seem as if Mao was a powerful leader that could guide the people
Chang Kai-Shek: seemed like a corrupt leader during the Chinese civil war.
Consolidation and maintenance of power
Use of legal methods; use of force; charismatic leadership; dissemination of propaganda
Constitution of 1954
Mass Campaigns
the Purges of Gao Gang and Rao Sushi
the Cultural Revolution
Central Propaganda Department in the CCP
Nature, extent and treatment of opposition
The Hundred Flowers Campaign (1957)
Reunification Campaigns (1949-51)
mao he defeated the nationalists in the civil war. When communism ruled,
used force to overcome the majority of the opposition
The impact of the success and/or failure of foreign policy that let him maintain power
Long March- Chinese Communists journey from southeast to northwest China. On Chiang Kai-orders, shek's the Chinese army pursued the Communists, led by Mao Zedong.
Yan'an 1934- following the Long March, the Communist Party's foundation. The individuals engaged made it their goal to reshape China.
Treaty of Alliance and Friendship- pact between the USSR and China. completed in 1950. Chinese modernization was aided by Soviet funds and technicians.
Land Reform Campaign- stole land from landlords, divided it among the peasants, and encouraged the peasants to hunt down the landlords.
Aims and results of policies
The impact of policies on women and minorities
Granted women the right to own and sell land and property
Marriage Reform Law of 1950
Outlawed footbinding in regions where it still occurred.
Aims and impact of domestic economic, political, cultural and social policies
First Five Year Plan-- The Five Year Plan attempted to tackle steel, coal and iron production. Like the Russian equivalent , each factory or mine was given a target to achieve.
Agricultural Collectivization- Individual homes and a small plot of land for growing their own vegetables were provided to farmworkers on Collective farms.
Hundred Flowers Campaign- The Hundred Flowers Movement was started to give academics a forum to examine the issues China is currently facing and potential solutions. the Hundred Flowers Movement was quite successful following Mao's pleas for debate.
Authoritarian control and the extent to which it was achieved
Long March- Chiang's nationalist army massacres Mao's communist Red Army.
Maoism-a form of socialism where peasants, not factory workers, are considered to be the most important group of people
Mandate of Heaven- the conviction that Heaven granted Chinese kings the right to rule justly and fairly in all of their decisions