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Sgrò - Coggle Diagram

- - - - increase blood pressure
      - increase atrial natriuretic factor
    - - increase production of angiotensinogen
      - enhances vascular sensitivity to angiotensin II & norepinephrine
      - mineral corticoids effect
      - decreases level of vasodilatators
    - - reduce protein synthesis
      - muscle atrophy (type II)
      - increase protein catabolism
    - - icrease hepatic gluconeogenesis
      - increase lipolysis
    - - absolut lowest in evening
      - response is similar in morning & evening after moderate ex.
      - lower increment in morning
  - - - increases
        
        dominance striving
        
        power motivaiton
        
        visuo-spatial ability
        
        motivation to compete
      - reduces
        
        response to startling stimuli
        
        empathy
        
        perception of negative emotions
      - physical performance
    - - early involvement in sports
      - high volumes of PA
      - stable total testosterone modifications
      - low basal resting testosterone
  - - - P -> maximal inspiratori pressure
      - P:E ratio -> peak expiratory flow
      - E -> tidal volume, inspiratory & expiratori time, max. inspiratori & expiratory pressure
    - - fat
        
        ^ FFA availability
        
        ^ IM lipid stores
        
        ^ lipolysis
        
        ^ FFA oxidation
      - proteins
        
        v protein catabolism
        
        v protein oxidation
      - carbohydrates
        
        v glycogen utilization
        
        v glucose kinetic
        
        ^ glycogen storage
        
        v liver gluconeogenesis
        
        ^ AMPK & GLUT4 activation
        
        ^ contraction-stimulated glucose uptake (type I)
        
        ^ insulin sensitivity
      - improve muscles ability to generate force
      - ^ affects muscle force -> acting on contractile proteins
      - ^ affects motor behavior
      - physical performance
    - - fat
        
        ^ fat utilization
      - proteins
        
        ^ protein catabolism
      - carbohydrates
        
        v glucose kinetic
        
        v hepatic gluconeogenesis
        
        v glycogen sparing effects of E
        
        v contraction-stimulated glucose uptake (type I)
        
        ^ insulin resistance
  - - - allostasis = maintaining stability through changes
        
        allostatic overload = negative effects
        
        primary mediators = systemic & tissue
- - - - down regulation of insulin receptors
      - desensitization of insulin post-receptors pathways
    - - lack of acute exercise
        
        reduced translocation of intracellular GLUT4 glucose transporters to cell surface
      - lack of chronic exercise
        
        reduced capillary density
        
        reduced number of fibers II
        
        reduced up-regulation of GLUT4
    - - AMP kinase
  - - - luteal phase defect
      - oligomenorrhea
      - delayed puberty
      - amenorrhea
        
        LHRH-analogues related effect
      - anovulation
      - altered sexual drive
      - decreased fertility
      - infertility
      - defeminization
      - gonadal functions
- - - - v CSA
      - altered contractile properties & neural activation
      - ^ muscle injury
    - - v muscle mass
      - ^ fat mass & visceral obesity
    - - v mitochondrial capacity
      - v max. oxygen consumption
      - v insulin sensitivity
      - altered lactate metabolism
      - v muscular protein re-synthesis
      - v recovery capacity after training
      - v oxygen transport
  - - - v max. oxygen consumption
      - v max. power output
      - v max. work rate
      - v lactate threshold