4. Irrigation: centerpivot irrigation- wasted, drop in water table, reduction of group water, local subsidence, sinkholes (with clogged soil and pest issues, erosion issues)
5. Expansive Land: loss in usable habitat (biodiversity issues, fragmentation, impacts on local communities, reduction in C- sequencing
6. Confined Animal Feeding Operation: more antibiotics, growth hormones, methane production, fossil fuel usage, lot of water/ feed use
Difference In Subsistence and Modern Farming:
1. Subsistence: Usually in lower income and poor families in regions with rapid population growth who cannot survive a crop failure, usually uses a slash and burn method.
2. Modern: usage of huge machinery, cultivating more land and less human labor
Slash and Burn: a type of agriculture is shifting cultivation within tropical forrest, where farmers will cut and burn areas of forrest to grow new crops because their original soil is not longer nutrient rich (usually conducted in South East Asia, and the Tropics)
Sustainable Agriculture:
1. Little to not till
2. Drip Irrigation
3. compost/ organic material added to soil
4. no pesticides (Chemical produced) but use natural pesticides (ladybugs, parricide wasps)
Conservation Farming Methods:
- Sustainable farming
- urban farming
- Vertical farming - less land
- Gardens
- drip irrigation method
- not farming on marginal land
- stop mono-cropping
- stop growing for biofuel
Transgenic Vs. Market Assisted Breeding:
1. Transgenic: genes taken from completely different organisms and inserted into another
2. Market-Assisted: traditional breeding
Roundup Ready Crops: Crops that are stored, usually grain, that is about 70 days worth of food. However, if people use more food than we grow, we have to tap into are roundup-ready crops, which is carryon stock, decreasing the amount stored.