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Theme E Religion, Crime and Punishment - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Christians believe there is no such thing as an evil person.
      - • Humans are not perfect and make mistakes.
      - • Original sin means that all humans have a tendency to commit evil.
    - - Muslims believe there is no such thing as an evil person.
      - • It can be linked to Iblis tempting Adam and Eve to sin against God.
      - • Evil and wicked things in life are a result of someone giving into Iblis’ temptations.
      - • Humans are not perfect and do make mistakes
      - • Under Shari’ah law the severity of a punishment is related to the seriousness of the religious value that has been breached by the crime.
      - • Shari’ah law puts great emphasis on the beliefs and intentions of a person, + even if you have thoughts of committing a crime, it is considered as serious as committing the crime itself.
- - - - christian views
        
        • Condemned by Christians
        
        • Jesus taught “Love thy neighbour”
        
        • “Thou shalt not kill”
      - muslim views
        
        • Against God
        
        • “Thou shall not kill”
        
        • “To kill one is to kill all mankind.”
    - - christian views
        
        • Hate crime makes a society without discrimination impossible to achieve.
        
        • God created all humans equal
        
        • Jesus taught “Love thy neighbour”
        
        • “There is neither Jew nor Gentile, male nor female, you are all one in Christ Jesus.”
      - muslim views
        
        God created humans with equal value and none is inferior to others.
        
        • Hate crime makes a society without discrimination impossible to achieve.
        
        • Islam- means peace.
    - - christian views
        
        • Christians are sympathetic towards people committing theft our of need rather than greed.
        
        • The needy should be cared for by the community, so they have no reason for resorting to crime.
        
        • “Treat others how you want to be treated.”
      - muslim views
        
        • Muslims are sympathetic towards people committing theft our of need rather than greed.
        
        • The needy should be cared for by the community, so they have no reason for resorting to crime.
- - - - Taking revenge on behalf of society and the victim.
      - Criminals receive the same damage caused to their victim.
    - - Quakers are pacifist - anti retribution. 'forgive those who trespass against us'
      - • Old Testament- Lex talionis- Law of retaliation.
      - • “Take life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth"
      - 'leave room for God's wrath' romans 12:19
    - - “Eye for eye, wound for wound”
      - • An Al-Jinayaat crime means if life is taken the victim can grant mercy or ask for the death penalty.
      - • Punishment for going against God’s law
      - • Given on God’s behalf.
  - - - Helps offenders understand their behaviour.
      - Hopes they will change and become law abiding citizens.
      - May involve group therapy sessions, counselling, treatment and understanding the harm they have caused.
    - - Christians prefer this
      - “Do not take revenge my dear friends, leave room for God’s wrath. If your enemy if hungry, feed him. If he is thirsty, give him something to drink. Do not be overcome by evil but overcome evil with good.”
      - Not a replacement for punishment but to be done at the same time.
    - - Necessary for offenders to seek God’s forgiveness and to become purified.
      - Education and financial advice may help the criminal reform.
  - - - Seeing others punished severely might put others off.
      - It might deter them from reoffending.
      - Punishments used to be in public to deter others
    - - Every human should be treated with respect regardless of what they have done therefore public shaming is not acceptable.
    - - It is a way of controlling others and their behaviour.
      - Public punishments to put shame on the offender and to warn others.
      - A way of learning from the punishment.
- - - - Causing suffering to others is against the teachings of Islam.
      - They share identity with all other Muslims in the worldwide community of Muslims (Ummah) caring and providing for brothers and sisters in need.
      - Islam teaches where there is suffering, try to alleviate it: "Be compassionate towards the destitute" (Hadith).
      - Muslims believe there are many tests and temptations in life, and this means people may accidentally or on purpose cause suffering.
      - They should be honest about what they have done and try to restore the relationship.
      - God has said he will forgive anyone who sincerely repents, just as he showed mercy to Adam and Hawwa (Eve) when they were tempted by Iblis, and they ate the forbidden fruit in paradise (Jannah).
    - - Jesus taught that humans should love one another and care for those in trouble.
      - He even spoke out against violence in self-defence as it causes further suffering.
      - If Christians do inflict suffering, they should be honest with themselves and God and try to make reparations for what they have done.
      - "One of the disciples struct the servant of the high priest, cutting off his right ear. But Jesus answered, 'No more of this!' And he touched the mans ear and heeled him." (Luke 22:50-51)
      - While people cannot perform physical healing in the way described, Christians can learn from this example that they should heal the wrong that has been done and the suffering caused in whatever way they can.
  - - - Most Muslims believe that it would be wrong to blame God for suffering caused by other humans.
      - They believe that in times of suffering, it is Gods Will that they live through it.
      - Free Will means that if people follow the teachings of Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an and stay close to God then they should make good choices which do not harm others. The teachings of scripture and religious leaders encourage and guide people to use free will responsibly.
- - - - If they are a threat to society or themselves they are kept in a high security prison.
      - It is a loss of freedom. Having no choice to live like others do, locked in a cell for much of the day and fed at certain times.
      - Given to those who have committed serious crimes.
      - “The state of our prisons is a fair measure of the state of our society. The Prison Reform Trust works to ensure they are just, humane and effective.”
      - “When thee builds a prison, thee had better build with the thought ever in thy mind that thee and thy children may occupy the cells. Oh Lord, may I be directed what to do and what to leave undone. Punishment is not for revenge, but to lessen crime and reform the criminal.” Elizabeth Fry
    - - Christians think that prisons are good as they protect the community
      - • They think that prisons should support the reformation process and help give an education and training
    - - Different under Shari’ah law as they have less of a role in reforming the criminal.
      - • Normally only used when the offender is awaiting their trial.
      - • Some believe it is a good punishment as the criminal will lose their freedom and the ability to see their family (important in Islam)
  - - - Punishment by causing physical pain to the criminal., Many think it is a breach of human rights, Illegal in the UK but allowed in other parts of the world.
        Used to be allowed in schools (cane) until 1987.
      - “The woman and the man guilty of adultery or fornication – flog each of them with a hundred stripes: let not compassion move you in their case...” (Qur’an 5:38)
      - Corporal punishment no longer exists in the legal systems of most developed nations of the world.
        The last floggings in the United States, for example, were carried out in the state of Delaware in 1952 (the practice was abolished there in 1972).
      - British criminal law had the legal prescription of whipping as punishment for some offenses, but the infliction of this penalty was severely limited by the Criminal Justice Act of 1948 and was abolished in 1967.
      - Whipping and even amputation remain prescribed punishments in several Middle Eastern nations that strictly observe Islamic law, however.
      - Beatings and other corporal forms of disciplinary action are still administered, whether legally or covertly, in the prison systems of many countries.
    - - Christians believe causing pain to others is not acceptable
      - • “He who spares the rod hates their children, but the one who loves their children is careful to discipline them”
      - • Jesus taught Christians to treat each other with respect.
    - - Accepted in many Muslim counties.
      - • Some argue that it is more humane than prison.
      - • Shari’ah law says that the hand of a thief can be amputated as punishment. “Cut off the hands of thieves, whether they are man or woman, as punishment for what they have done.”
      - • Less crimes committed than in the UK in these countries.
  - - - It is a type of reformation
      - It is unpaid work and they wear high visibility jackets so people can see they are on community service.
      - It is a way for the criminal to make up for what they have done by giving back to the community. Might include picking up litter and cleaning graffiti.
      - too soft?
        Naomi Campbell (supermodel) was sentenced to 200 hours community service for kicking +spitting at police officers - is this all she should have had to do?
      - can incl 'offending behaviour programmes' which are designed to stop the individual from reoffending
        e.g. offender substance abuse programme, drink impaired drivers programme, aggression replacement training
    - - It is a suitable punishment for minor offences.
      - Might help with addiction and help those with drug and alcohol addiction by sending them to therapy.
      - Goes with the aim of deterrence and reformation.
    - - Rarely used under Shari’ah law because it is not considered enough of a deterrent.
      - In the case of community crimes- the criminal might be sent to a rehabilitation centre.
- - - - christian
        
        The Old Testament teaches-“Whoever sheds human blood, by humans shall their blood be shed.”
        
        “Life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth,”
        
        Justifiable retribution for serious crimes.
        
        Deters people from committing the crimes.
        
        The death penalty protects society by taking the criminal away for good, no chance of reoffending
        
        The principle of utility- if it promotes the maximum amount of happiness for the most amount of people it should be allowed.
      - muslim
        
        It is a deterrent- Carried out in public.
        
        The principle of utility- if it promotes the maximum amount of happiness for the most amount of people it should be allowed.
        
        Shari’ah law- God’s law- allowed the death penalty for serious crimes.
        
        “Do not take life that God has made sacred, except by right” Quran
        
        Acceptable if someone has gone against the faith.
    - - christian
        
        Too many innocent people have been executed and you can’t bring them back.
        
        Does not show forgiveness and mercy.
        
        Murder rates in other countries with the death penalty are the same as those without - Not a deterrent
        People who commit murder don’t think of the consequences. (usually in rage)
        
        Only God has the right to take life- Sanctity of Life argument.
        
        No chance for reformation.
        
        Takes away human dignity
      - muslim
        
        Does not show forgiveness and mercy.
        
        “If the culprit is pardoned by his aggrieved brother, he shall pay what is due. It is an act of mercy.” Quran
        
        Some believe the passages in the Qur’an have been misinterpreted.
        
        Muslims should promote non-violence.
- - - - • Cannot afford the necessities of life.
      - • Stealing for essentials that they cannot afford to buy
    - - Zakah is in place to help them.
      - • Muslims hope that community support will prevent Muslims turning to crime.
    - - • Christians condemn stealing.
      - • Should help one another so they do not need to steal.
      - • “If Christians don’t dig deep and generously open up their wallets, they do not have genuine faith.” – Pope Francis
  - - - • Growing up in home where crime is a way of life
      - • Parents might encourage them
      - • Knowing right from wrong
    - - • Muslims place emphasis on a
        strong extended family and that they should bring children up to follow the law.
      - Justice of Allah- mercy and forgiveness
      - Just punishment
      - Islam tries to help people to be good parents, teaches that:
        1)Children are a gift from God
        2)On the Last Day, Muslim parents will be judged on how well they have brought up their kids.
        But ultimately, consequences are on children
    - - • “Let everyone be subject to the
        governing authorities, for there is no authority that which God has established.”
      - 1)Law breakers should be forgiven and given a second chance, regardless of their background and upbringings.
      - Teach that good parents will discipline their children.
  - - - • Kleptomania is a mental condition that makes people steal.
      - • Anger management may lead to violence
      - • Sentencing can give them the help they need
    - - should get help for their illness but also have the punishment they deserve
    - - should get help for their illness but also have the punishment they deserve
  - - - • Addicts may resort to stealing to get what they need
      - • Alcohol can make people lose control of their thoughts
    - - • Muslims forbid the taking of illegal drugs and alcohol
      - • They believe that they are temptations which will lead people to do wrong
    - - • Alcohol is not forbidden but drunkenness is a sin and no denomination encourages excessive drinking.
  - - - • Wealth and possessions can be seen as a sign of status.
      - • Greed can lead to crimes such as theft or fraud
    - - • The10 commandments says do not be jealous of what others have
      - • Envy is seen as one of the 7 deadly sins.
    - - • “ Competing for more distracts you until you go
        into your graves”
  - - - • Can lead to violence or aggression
        towards whoever or whatever the offender hates.
    - - hatred is against muslim morality
      - Allah is just, therefore justice must be the highest importance for all Muslims
      - They believe that their role is to behave justly towards other people and ensure that the world is run in a fair way
      - “ you will not enter paradise until you have faith and until you have faith and until you love each other” - Sahih
      - “God commands justice and good conduct to all... and he forbids all immorality, bad conduct and oppression” Surah 16:90
    - - hatred is against christian morality
      - Christians condemn hate crimes because god created all with equal value therefore no individuals or groups should be singled out for inferior treatment
      - Jesus taught to “love their neighbour” and was a pacifist and this should apply no matter their race gender sexuality etc.
      - Parable of the good samaritan
      - “We are all equal in the eyes of god”
      - “There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.” (Bible)
  - - - • Laws that are biased or prejudice or that breaches basic human rights is wrong and should be changed.
      - • E.g. Martin Luther King, Rosa Parks,The Suffragettes
    - - protests must be peaceful and not cause violence
      - against discrimination
      - 'we must obey God rather than human beings!" Acts 5:29 NIV
    - - Shariah law is God's law + thus cannot be unjust
      - against discrimination