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HOW EFFECTIVELY ARE DISEASES DELT WITH - Coggle Diagram
HOW EFFECTIVELY ARE DISEASES DELT WITH
Malaria in Ethiopia
Caused my plasmodium parasite in female anopheles mosquitoes.They are vectors that transmit the parasite to humans, but they can’t fly in wind or rain.
Globally the most deadly disease- 405,000 deaths in 2019
Most deadly is the plasmodium falciparum
Incidence
Higher in lowland areas - more humid and more stagnant water
Endemic in 75% of Ethiopia
2/3 of the population in at risk areas
Transmission peaks jsut after rainy season
Causes
Warm humid climate, stagnant water, altitude
Misuse of malarial drugs
Population movements between highlands and lowlands
Harvest season coincides with rainy season- farmers outside most of the day
Rice irrigation creates mosquito habitat
Drug resistance
Drug companies not having a earthy market to sell it to
Impacts of malaria
Hardest hit are those living with no protection to mosquitoes
Slows economic growth- absences from work
$12 billion lost in production in sub Saharan Africa
40% of national health expenditure and 10% of hospital admissions
Curtails investment and tourism
Can halt food production and overexploitation of highlands
Treatment and control
Natural recovery
Chloroquine - eventually toxic to humans
mefloquine- psychological side effects
Insecticide and nets
Treating stagnant water with pesticides
Over 70% of households in 2015 had nets and sprays
Cancer in the UK
Mutations in DNA causing rapid cell replication, cells invade surrounding healthy tissue and spreads
Incidence
Highest 85-89
36% cases over 75
Increased due to ageing population
1000 new cases per day
Breast,prostate, bowel and lung account for over 1/2
Survival rate doubled in last 40 years
Causes
Risk factors; Carcinogens
genes
diet/lifestyle
health
age
gender
Socioeconomic causes; high status- higher risk of colon, prostate,breast and skin
but lower risk of stomach, lung, cervical.
rates of cancer 3x higher in poorer areas
19000 deaths could be prevented by closing inequality gap
Increasing wealth - higher meat/dairy/alcohol consumption and more sun exposure
Impacts
In 2018 54,000 cancer deaths were under 70- would have contributed £85mill
200,000 potential workers lost in the next 5 years
Over 440 deaths per day
Emotional stress for patient and family
Mitigation
Barriers to screening
Stigma/fear/embarrassment/trauma
Can’t physically go to GP
Misinformation
NHS goals; ruling out cancer within 28 days of GP visit
saving 5000 lives a year
4/10 cancer cases are preventable
2034 3/4 cancer patients will survive
Direct- medical technology; gene/radio therapy methods of screening e.g endoscopy and drugs mass screening; mammogram at age 50+, smear test from age 20 every 3 years, at home bowel test, prostate screening, lung cancer screenings in mobil units
2000 cervical cancer cases prevented every year since 1988
Incidence of cervical cancer decreased 25%
£19,261 per case later than stage 2
Mobile units diagnosed 600 eagerly cases 2022 20x higher survival chance
25,000 invitations combines
Indirect- education; encouraging lifestyle changes, increasing smoking age, advertising changes, tax on sugary drinks. More support for losing weight and quitting smoking, encouraging spf
15% cancer cases caused by smoking
Obesity causes 13 types of cancer
International organisations
WHO
Established in 1948
headquarters in Geneva
194 member states
annual data
Combat disease, improve health, crisis support
Goals; 1b more people with health coverage, addressing social barriers, improve data.
2015 Nepal Earthquake
WHO delivered emergency services like medical units and medicine when health facilities were damaged
7.8 richter 18k injured
2015 Ebola outbreak
WHO worked with UNICEF to support Liberia