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COASTS 1, Beach-Profile - Coggle Diagram
COASTS 1
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erosion- wearing away and removal of material involving detachment, entrainment and transportation of materials
wave pounding- repeated force of waves breaking leading to break down of the rock similar to hydraulic action
attrition- erosion of material being transported by the sea making it smaller and rounder as a result of collision
wave quarrying- removal of loosened chunks of rock as air is forced into the cracks in rocks and has an explosive effect.
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corrasion- grinding away of rocks/cliffs as smaller particles of material are transported by waves, known as the sandpaper effect causing undercutting
corrosion/ solution- dissolving of rock and sediment by chemicals, mainly weak acid in the sea water, and is more effective in warm sea tempratures
cavitation- collapsing bubbles that have formed with moving bubbles releasing energy that exerts a pressure in hammer like blows
weathering-breakdown of rock due when it is exposed to air, moisture and organic matter
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The difference between weathering and erosion is that weathering is the breakdown of rock in situ and erosion includes the transportation
chemical weathering-involves decomposition of materials from the modification of chemistry or the crystalline structure of rocks
solution- certain minerals In rocks require no chemical reaction to be soluble, halite (rock salt) will readily dissolve in salt
oxidation- causes rocks to disintegrate when oxygen in the water reacts with the rock minerals, especially in ferrous or iron rich minerals
hydration- rocks are suspect able to further chemical weathering the addition to water to minerals causing it to expand creating stress causing the rock to disintergate
mass movement
mud flow- soil becomes saturated and flows downhill, often very rapid sometimes can be slower
rotational slip- the slide plane is a concave shape, most common in the UK, occur in weak rock or saturated soil
land slide- flat or planar slide plane, common on bedding planes, in high moisture content areas, very rapid
soil creeps- particles rise and fall due to expansion and contraction, wetting and drying or freeze thaw, a very slow process
soilflucton- slow downhill flow, common in periglacial enviroments, gelifulction = soilfluction that happens on top of frozen ground
rockfall- happens on the steepest of slopes, fragments or slabs become detached and fall
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waves
what causes waves?- the transfer of energy from the wind blowing over the surface of the sea creates friction.
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how waves break
- the movement of deep water is in a circular orbit
- wind blows over the sea and the friction transfer energy causing the water to travel as waves
- when the water becomes shallower friction from the sea bed slows the base of the wave so that water there is traveling more slowly than at the crest
- the wave becomes more elliptical shape. wave length reduces and height increases- when they are roughly the same the wave breaks
- swash runs up the beach and backwash is the return of water down it
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